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ECOLOGY

ECOLOGY. The SHORT version BioH Ch 41. Energy Flow. PRODUCERS Autotrophs Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis. Energy flows THROUGH an ecosystem. Consumers. Heterotrophs Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Detritivores Decomposers. Food Chain.

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ECOLOGY

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  1. ECOLOGY The SHORT version BioH Ch 41

  2. Energy Flow • PRODUCERS • Autotrophs • Photosynthesis • Chemosynthesis Energy flows THROUGH an ecosystem

  3. Consumers • Heterotrophs • Herbivores • Carnivores • Omnivores • Detritivores • Decomposers

  4. Food Chain Energy relationship between organisms in ecosystem

  5. Food Web Trophic Levels

  6. Trophic Levels Specific level (relationship) that an organism occupies in a food chain

  7. Ecological Pyramids • Energy • Biomass • Pyramid of numbers Energy Pyramid Shows relative amount of energy available at each trophic level Only 10% of available energy transferred from one trophic level to the next

  8. Biomass Pyramid Represents amount of living organic matter at each level 10% transferred between levels

  9. Pyramid of Numbers Relative number of organisms at each trophic level Only about 10% transferred between levels

  10. Pyramid of Numbers for oak tree community

  11. Biogeochemical Cycles Biological, geological, & chemical matter recycled through ecosystems WATER CYCLE

  12. Nutrient Cycles • Biological processes (photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition) take up & release carbon • Geochemical processes (erosion, volcanic activity) release CO2into the atmosphere • Mixed processes (burial & decomposition of dead organisms converting to petroleum) store carbon underground • Human activities (mining, forestation, burning fossil fuels) release CO2into atmosphere Carbon Cycle

  13. Used in forming DNA/RNA • Not in atmosphere, just soil and water Nitrogen Cycle • All organisms require nitrogen to build proteins • N2 is in atmosphere • Nitrogen fixation – bacteria convert N2 to NH3 in soil, used as nutrients for producers • Denitrification – bacteria convert NH3 to N2 in atmosphere

  14. Limiting Factors • Primary productivity • Rate at which organic matter is created by producers • Limiting factors • Abiotic - ??? • Biotic - ???

  15. Ecosystem Modeling Through the use of computers, the attempt to model an ecosystem in order to predict what might happen to that ecosystem (or the species within it) if some modification to the ecosystem happens. • An example: DDT biological magnification (an increase in the concentration of a substance that occurs in a food chain as a result of: • Persistence • Food chain energetics • Low rate of degradation

  16. OVERVIEW

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