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ECOLOGY---

ECOLOGY---. Ecosystems and Communities. What is Climate?. Climate is the average yearly condition of temperature and precipitation in a region. It’s caused by the latitude, wind, ocean currents, and the shape and elevation of land masses.

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ECOLOGY---

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  1. ECOLOGY--- Ecosystems and Communities

  2. What is Climate? • Climate is the average yearly condition of temperature and precipitation in a region. • It’s caused by the latitude, wind, ocean currents, and the shape and elevation of land masses. • Climate affects ecosystems, because all organisms have certain needs for temperature.

  3. Biomes and Climate • A biome is a group of communities on land that covers a large area and is characterized by certain soil and climate. • A microclimate is a climate in a small area that differs from the climate around it (ex: fog on certain streets in a city and sunny in the rest of the city).

  4. The Major Biomes • There are ten major biomes: • Tropical Rain Forest • Tropical Dry Forest • Tropical Savanna • Desert • Temperate Grassland • Temperate Woodland and Shrubland • Temperate Forest • Northwestern Coniferous Forest • Boreal Forest (Taiga) • Tundra

  5. What is Weather? • Weather is the day-to-day condition of earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place. • Rusty Garrett-News 10

  6. The Greenhouse Effect • The greenhouse effect keeps the temperature on Earth within a good range for life. • The gases in the Earth’s atmosphere trap heat.

  7. Greenhouse Effect

  8. The Effect of Latitude on a Climate • Differences in latitude determine the amount of sunlight that hits and then heats the Earth’s surface. • Differences inheatingcause three main climate zones: • polar zones-very cold areas • temperate zones- ranges from hot to cold depending on the season • tropical zones- always warm

  9. How The Sun Hits the Earth POLAR ZONE TEMPERATE TROPICAL ZONE TEMPERATE POLAR ZONE

  10. Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Organisms are influenced by biological (biotic) and physical (abiotic) factors. • Biotic factors include all living things. • Abiotic factors include temperature, soil type and other non-living factors. • Where an organism lives is called its habitat.

  11. Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors

  12. The Niche • A niche is the full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and how that organism uses those conditions.

  13. 3 Species of Warblers and Their NICHES

  14. Community Interactions • communities interact in one of three ways: 1) competition - organisms try to use the same resources they need to live. Competition often results in one organism dying out. 2) predation - this occurs when one organism (predator) captures and eats another (prey).

  15. Community Interactions (cont.) 3) symbiosis - occurs when two species live together in one of three ways: • mutualism - both species benefit from the relationship • commensalism - one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. • parasitism- one species benefits by living in or on the other and the other is harmed

  16. Ecological Succession • Ecosystems are constantly changing in response to natural and human disturbances. • As an ecosystem ages, older inhabitants die out and new organisms move in.

  17. Why Conserve Our Biosphere? • Most people want to preserve our biosphere for future generations. • Conservation, in ecology, includes wise management of natural resources, protecting our habitats and wildlife, and enforcing environmental laws. • Today, our efforts are focused on protecting entire ecosystems. This will ensure that the natural habitats and the interactions of many different species are preserved at the same time.

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