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Personal Endings Review. I. -O -M. -S. you ( sg .). -T. HE-SHE-IT. -MUS. WE. -tis. You (pl.). -NT. THEY. All About Verbs Each verb has 4 principal parts. amo. amare. amavi. amatus.
E N D
I -O -M
-S you (sg.)
-T HE-SHE-IT
-MUS WE
-tis You (pl.)
-NT THEY
All About Verbs Each verb has 4 principal parts amo amare amavi amatus To find the PRESENT STEM of a verb, drop the –RE from the 2nd principal part (the infinitive). First Person Singular Present Active“I love” Present active Infinitive “to love”
Finding the Present Stem Find the second principal part of the verb. amo amare amavi amatus The present stem is the second principal part – re. amare - re = ama
Finding the Present Stem • amo, amare • laboro, laborare • paro, parare • porto, portare • specto, spectare • AMA- • LABORA- • PARA- • PORTA- • SPECTA-
Write the following verbs on your paper… • 1stlaudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatus---praise • 2ndmoneo, monere, monui, monitus---warn • 3rdrego, regere, rexi, rectus---rule • 3rd –iocapio, capere, cepi, captus---take • 4th audio, audire, audivi, auditus---hear
The PRESENT STEM is actually used for 3 tenses! Present Imperfect Future
Present Tense Endings AM –ing…, …-s -O -MUS -S -TIS -T -NT
Imperfect Tense Endings WAS/WERE …-ING -BAM -BAMUS -BAS -BATIS -BAT -BANT
Future Tense Endings (1st/2nd) WILL… -BO -BIMUS -BIS -BITIS -BIT -BUNT
Test Monday! • Know how to identify a verb’s conjugation (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 3rd –io, 4th) • Know how to make the present stem (drop the –re). • Know the 3 tenses formed on the present stem (the “present system”---present, imperfect, and future) • Know how to translate present tense: I ____, imperfect tense: I was _____-ing, and future tense: I will ______. • There will NOT be verb charts (o/s/t, bam/bas/bat, bo/bis/bit, etc.) on this test.
Make the present, imperfect and future tense charts for the 1st conjugation and 2nd conjugation verbs you chose yesterday. (Do NOT use the 3rd, 3rd-io or 4th!) • Use the PRESENT STEM as your base on each chart. • Write Latin and English. • Use the same paper. • Turn it in to the basket! amo –I love amamus---we love amas—you love amatis---y’all love amat—h/s/i loves amant---they love amabam---I was loving etc. amabas etc… amabat etc… amabo--- I will love etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc.
It happened in the past, And hasn’t happened since, And that’s what’s perfect About perfect tense!
Finding the PerfectStem Find the thirdprincipal part of the verb. amo amare amavi amatus The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. amavi - i = amav-
Finding the Perfect Stem Find the thirdprincipal part of the verb. doceo docere docui doctus The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. docui - i = docu-
Perfect Stem Practice • porto, portare, portavi, portatus • terreo, terrēre, terrui, territus • maneo, manēre, mansi, mansurus • sum, esse, fui, futurus • PORTAV- • TERRU- • MANS- • FU-
The PERFECT STEM is actually used for 3 tenses! PERFECt PLUperfect Future PErFECT
Perfect Tense Exceptions: -I -ISTI
Perfect Tense HAS/HAVE… …-ed -I -IMUS -ISTI -ISTIS -IT -ERUNT
Which Word Doesn’t Belong? • portabo • laudabas • legebam • amo -O -M “I”
Which Word Doesn’t Belong? • portamus • amas • ducebas • laudabis -S You (sg.)
HE-SHE-IT • duxit • amabat • laudavit • legisti -T
Which Word Doesn’t Belong? -MUS • amamus • portavimus • doces • laudavimus WE
Which Word Doesn’t Belong? -tis • audis • portatis • amavistis • ducebatis You (pl.)
Which Word Doesn’t Belong? -NT • laudabant • portabunt • amat • duxerunt THEY
Tricks for Translating! • First, look at the verb ending and see WHO is doing the verb. • Be sure you don’t overlook any letters---for example, if you see –S, make sure it’s not really –TIS or –MUS.
Tricks for Translating! • Second: Look for a TENSE INDICATOR to figure out the WHEN (tense) of the verb.
BA WAS/WERE
BO, bI, bu WILL/SHALL
WE PORTABAMUS BA WAS/WERE
Tricks for Translating! • Third: Complete the verb with the WHAT (meaning).
WE CARRY PORTABAMUS BA WAS/WERE
We Were carrying PORTABAMUS
Imperfect Tense vs. Perfect Tense • Remember that imperfect tense (the –ba– words) show past action uncompleted (was verbing), repetitive (kept on verbing), or habitual (used to verb) • Perfect tense shows past action completed • Ex: While I was washing dishes, the phone rang. imperfect perfect
Imperfect Tense vs. Perfect Tense • I saw John every day. • I attended school for four years. • Did you play football long? • The alarm clock kept ringing. • I saw John yesterday. • I attended school today. • Did you ever play football? • The alarm clock rang. perfect tense imperfect tense
LibellusVerborum • Present Tense I verb, do verb, am verbing • Imperfect Tense I was verbing, used to verb, kept on verbing, verbed • Future Tense I will (shall) verb • Perfect Tense I verbed, have verbed, did verb