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Unit 10 Personality

Unit 10 Personality. Personality. Personality an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting consistent behaviors Example – Homer Simpson’s personality is…. Personality Theories. Historical Psychoanalytic Theory Humanistic Theory

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Unit 10 Personality

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  1. Unit 10 Personality

  2. Personality • Personality • an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting • consistent behaviors • Example – Homer Simpson’s personality is…

  3. Personality Theories • Historical • Psychoanalytic Theory • Humanistic Theory • Modern – based on scientific method • Trait Theories • Social Cognitive Theories

  4. HistoricalTheories • Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud) • Theory of personality • childhood sexuality and unconscious drives influence personality • Included stage theory of psychosocial development • Associated Treatment Techniques • Humanistic Theory (Maslow, Rogers) • focused on our inner capacities for growth and self-fulfillment • Maslow’s hierarchy • “Man is Good” philosophy

  5. Psychoanalytic Theory • Psychoanalysis – • theory of personality • Most important factor in personality development is unconscious impulses • Techniques used to expose the unconscious included: • Hypnosis • Dreams – latent and manifest • Free association – way of exploring unconscious by having person relax and say whatever comes to mind Example: write down what comes to your mind when I say bird, bath, mother (no seriously, right it down)

  6. Our Personality • Conscious- things we are aware of. • Preconscious- Forgotten memories that we can easily recall • Unconscious- thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are largely unaware. • Repression - thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge • Example: • Expressed in disguised forms • Freudian slips – unconscious mistakes of the tongue or pen • Jokes – expressions of repressed aggressive sexual tendencies • Dreams • Forgetting

  7. Freud’s Idea of the Minds Structure

  8. Parts of Personality • Id - unconscious impulses that want to be satisfied, without regard to potential punishment • Basic urges - reproduction, survival, aggression. • pleasure principle – avoid pain and receive instant gratification • Ex. Newborn Behavior (cry when want to be fed, want satisfaction now), alcoholics, drug addicts, impulsive behavior

  9. Parts of Personality • Ego– “executive” part of personality moderates the impulsive demands of id and restraining demands of superego. • Reality principle – wants to satisfy IDs impulses in a realistic way (partly consciously) • Health person’s ego is stronger than ID • Examples • Want to Blow savings on fancy car (ID) or Keeping all $ in savings (SUPER EGO), you buy a sensible car (EGO • Chaste Jane (SUPER EGO) is sexually attracted to John (ID), so she joins volunteer organizations in which John is a member (EGO)

  10. Parts of Personality • Superego - tells us right from wrong and our ideal standards • Moral principle – strives for perfection – the ideal of how we ought to behave • Strong superego – virtuous but guilt ridden • Weak Superego – self indulgent, remorseful • Ex. Feel guilty for stealing

  11. ID

  12. ID leads us to eating and drinking

  13. Superego

  14. Ego

  15. Id controlling Marge.

  16. Circle the part of the psychological self that best describes the character’s actions in each area of the plot (beginning, middle, and end). • Write an argument in the last column that explains the psychological personality of the character, based on your observations. Psychoanalysis according to Freud: Cat in the Hat

  17. Circle the part of the psychological self that best describes the character’s actions in each area of the plot (beginning, middle, and end). • Write an argument in the last column that explains the psychological personality of the character, based on your observations. Psychoanalysis according to Freud: Cat in the Hat

  18. Freud’s Psychosexual stages • Psychosexual development – a series of developmental stages that an individual passes through and forms their personality • erogenous zones – pleasure sensitive areas of the body • Examples: mouth, anus, genitals • Fixation – a conflict, or lasting focus on pleasure seeking energies of an earlier stage • Examples: • Oral Fixaton

  19. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages • Oral (0-18 months) • Anal (18-36 months) • Phallic (3-6 years) • Latency (6-Puberty) • Genital (Puberty on) Owen And Phillip Like Girls

  20. Oral Stage • Important erogenous zone = mouth • Biting, sucking, chewing • Fixation • Weaned too early = oral fixation • passive dependence (dependence like a child) • exaggerated denial – acting tough or sarcastic • Smoker, excessive eating

  21. Anal Stage • Develops during toilet training (2-4). • Important erogenous zone = anus • Focused on controlling waste and expelling waste. • Fixation • anal-retentive = potty training too early • Ex. Overly neat and fussy • anal-expulsive = Potty training not encouraged or haphazard • Ex. overly slovenly and messy

  22. Phallic Stage • Period of time when children first recognize their gender (4-7). • Important erogenous zone = genitals • Unconscious sexual desires for parent of the opposite sex • OedipusComplex – boys’ feelings of guilt and fear of punishment over sexual desire for mother and feelings of hostility toward father. • ElectraComplex – girls’ feelings of guilt and fear of punishment over sexual desire for their father and hostility toward mother • Penis Envy(girls ) - realization that they don’t have a penis and blame Mom • Castration Anxiety - boys fear of penis removal by father • Identification – children incorporate same sex parents’ values into superego = successful conflict resolution in Phallic stage • Fixation • problems in relationships • narcissistic--excessively vain and proud. • afraid or incapable of close love • homosexuality

  23. Latency Stage • Latency - Libido is hidden (7-11). • Cooties stage • Dormant sexual feelings. • Boys hang with Dad, Girls hang with mom • Fixation - none

  24. Genital Stage • Genital Stage - Libido is focused on their genitals (12-death). • Maturation of sexual interests • All stages resolved = mentally healthy and sexually matured

  25. Psychosexual Stages

  26. Defense Mechanisms • Defense Mechanisms tactics of the ego to reduce anxiety by distorting reality • Ex: • Repression • Rationalization • Reaction formation • Projection • Regression • Displacement • Sublimation • Denial

  27. Scenario Quarterback of the high school football team, Brandon, is dating Jasmine. Jasmine dumps Brandon and starts dating Drew, president of the chess club. Jasmine Brandon Drew

  28. Repression • Repression - Pushing anxiety arousing thoughts into our unconscious. • Underlies all other defense mechanisms • Slips of the tongue are incomplete repressions • When asked about Jasmine, Brandon may say “Who? • Why don’t we remember our Oedipus and Electra complexes?

  29. Denial • Denial - Not accepting the ego-threatening truth. • Brandon may act like he is still together with Jasmine. He may hang out by her locker and plan dates with her.

  30. Displacement • Displacement - Redirecting one’s feelings toward another person or object. • Often displaced on less threatening things. • Brandon may take his anger on another kid by bullying.

  31. Projection • Projection - Disguise unacceptable, unconscious impulses by attributing them to others. • Believe that the feelings one has toward someone else are actually held by the other person and directed at oneself. • Brandon insists that Jasmine still cares for him.

  32. Reaction Formation • Reaction Formation - Expressing the opposite of how one truly feels. • Cootie stage in Freud’s Latent Development. • Brandon claims he hates Jasmine when he really still loves her.

  33. Regression • Regression - Returning to an earlier, comforting, more infantile form of behavior. • Excessive Fixation • Brandon begins to sleep with his favorite childhood stuffed animal, Simba.

  34. Rationalization • Rationalization - Coming up with a beneficial result of an undesirable outcome. • Brandon thinks he will find a better girlfriend. “Jasmine was not all that anyway!” • I really did want to go to ……..anyway, it was too ……

  35. Sublimation • Sublimation - Channeling one’s frustration toward a different socially acceptable goal. • Sometimes a healthy defense mechanism. • Brandon starts to learn how to play the guitar and writing songs (or maybe starts to body build).

  36. Think Pair Share • During a heated argument with his father, 15-year-old Jason developed a paralysis of his right arm. Medical examinations can find no physical cause for the paralysis. Use the psychoanalytic perspective to explain how the paralysis may be Jason's attempt to deal with an unconscious conflict between his id and superego.

  37. Think Pair Share • According to a number of distinguished psychologists, a major purpose of the defense mechanisms described by Freud is the protection of self-esteem. Give an example of how repression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, and displacement could each be used to protect or even enhance a positive self-image.

  38. Neo-Freudian TheoristsPsychodynamic Theory • Accept Freud’s basic ideas • Struggle with inner conflicts (wishes, fears, values) • Importance of unconscious • Personality develops in childhood • Different • More emphasis on conscious mind • Disagreed with the importance of childhood sexual instincts • Adler and Horney – social not sexual tensions are important to personality development

  39. The Neo-Freudian Theorists • Adler – • inferiority complex – personality is influenced by efforts to conquer feelings inferiority • Horney • sense of helplessness – childhood anxiety is caused by the dependent child’s sense of helplessness • Women’s superego is not weaker as Freud claimed • Jung’s • collective unconscious – reservoir of memory traces from species history • Example: Different cultures share same legends • All cultures have a hero, mother is symbol of nurture

  40. Getting into the Unconscious • Psychodynamic Psychologist – contemporary Freudian Psychologist • Projective Tests - personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli to trigger inner dynamics • Examples • Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) – Identify inner feelings through stories made up from ambiguous pictures/scenes • Rorschach Inkblot Tests - • Identify inner feelings by analyzing interpretations of ink blots • Criticized for lacking validity

  41. Criticisms of Freud’s theory: 1.   No Scientific methods - no scientific data to support his theories. 2.   No observation - Freud’s theories (unconscious, libido, etc.) cannot be observed. 3.   Gender Identity Incorrect- Doubt that conscience and gender identity form as child resolves Oedipus complex at age 5-6—we gain gender identity early and become masculine or feminine even without a same sex parent 5. Repressed memories Incorrect– traumatic events not repressed, but persistent and vivid

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