Unit Two Personality

1. Unit Two Personality

2. Part I Preparation

3. Personality • In a general sense, the term personality refers to all the personal and moral characteristics that determine the way a person thinks, feels, and acts in his or her social and personal relations.

4. Contributing factors • Being inherited • Being influenced by some outside world factors.

5. Words that can be used to describe a person’s personality • kind generous warm-hearted sympathetic broad-minded ambitious aggressive shrewd smart selfish mean patient brave optimistic pessimistic timid shy enthusiastic honest modest easy-going moody tolerant friendly adventurous clever humorous intelligent amicable careful gentle lazy cruel sly cunning affectionate independent reserved sensitive frank thoughtful considerate acute tricky eloquent sociable talkative expressive

6. Salesmen or Saleswomen: • persuasive • hard-working • enthusiastic • patient • shrewd • boastful,tricky

7. Teachers • knowledgeable • patient, tolerant • humorous • warm-hearted • enthusiastic • considerate

8. Doctors • patient • skillful • brave, calm • confident • alert, careful • sympathetic

9. Policemen • brave • alert • quick • watchful • responsible • warm-hearted

10. Accountants • careful, cautious • honest • patient • responsible • accurate • thoughtful

11. Lawyers • Persuasive, expressive • eloquent • serious • aggressive • shrewd • logical, calm

12. Tour Guides • knowledgeable • easy-going • sociable • humorous • expressive • energetic

13. Hosts or Hostesses of a Show • humorous • adaptable • emotional • expressive • optimistic • calm

14. Reporters • hard-working • punctual • smart, energetic • open-minded • patient • adventurous, calm

15. Secretaries • competent • careful • sensitive • thoughtful • tolerant • cooperative

16. Spokesmen • eloquent • diplomatic • intelligent • talkative • resourceful • careful

17. Conclusion • Different jobs requires different personality. • Jobs matching your personality can make you more efficient and successful.

18. Part II Listening-centered Activities

19. Listening I. Sensitive, go through, independent, appreciate, owe, caring, understanding, aware • Exercise I. Directions: listen to the passage and note down the four characteristics of the speaker. • He is a sensitive person. • He is a very independent person. • He would be a good friend. • He has a love for life and people.

20. Listening I. • Exercise II. Directions: listen again and complete with details of the four characteristics. • I feel everyone should be able to feel or understand what others are going through. But if you feel unhappy for people you don’t know, or for a movie that is not real, then I think that’s a little too sensitive. • I must do things for myself. I don’t like people doing things for me not because I don’t appreciate it, but because I don’t like to feel that I owe anyone anything. • I’m caring and understanding. People trust me with their secrets. If you need my help, all you have to do is ask. • I find fun in almost everything I do. I love to watch people, talk to them, and be around them. I love learning and being aware of everything and everyone around me.

21. Listening II Angela, Korea, immigrate, definitely, Korean, Sun-Kyung, complicated, bow Exercise I. Directions: listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false. • Angela immigrated from Canada to Korea. F • Angela is about 20 years old now. F • Angela had two different personalities, one at school and one at home. T • Sun-Kyung is Angela’s girlfriend at school. F • Angela agrees that culture affects personality. T

22. Listening II Exercise II. Directions: Listen to the dialogue again and fill in the table.

23. Part III Reading-centered Activities

24. Cultural Background Knowledge “Know thyself,” advised an inscription on the ancient Temple of Apollo at Delphi. But what is it that you know when you k know yourself? How do you gain this knowledge, and what should you do with it? Such questions are at the core of personality psychology, which explores both self-knowledge and knowledge of others. some personality psychologists compare everyday life to a play in which we put on different faces or play different roles for different audiences. In fact, the word personality comes form the Latin root persona, meaning “mask”. The impression we make on others ---or the mask we present to the world----determines how people feel about us. our everyday “performances” have a profound effects on our lives, so it pays to understand how others see us. But are the acts are put on for others an indication of who we really are? Do our outward behaviors reflect out true personality? A complete picture of personality includes a look at thoughts and feelings, the unconscious, genetics, and society.

25. In-class Reading

26. Cultural background knowledge. “know thyself,” advised an inscription on the ancient Temple of Apollo at Delphi. But what is it that you know when you know yourself? How do you gain this knowledge, and what should you do with it? Such questions are at the core of personality psychology, which explores both self-knowledge and knowledge of others. Some personality psychologists compare everyday life to a play in which we put on different faces or platy different roles for different audiences. In fact, the word personality comes from the Latin root persona, meaning “mask”. The impression we make on others----on the mask we present to the world----determines how people feel about us. Our everyday “performances” have a profound effect on our lives, so it pays to understand how others see us. But are the acts are put on for others an indication of who we really are? Do our outward behaviors reflect our true personality? A complete picture of personality includes a look at thoughts and feelings, the unconscious, genetics, and society.

27. Vocabulary

28. Acquaintance. n. A person whom one knows, esp. Through work or business, but who may not be a friend. • He has many acquaintances/ he has a wide acquaintance. • We are only acquaintances. • Acquaint v. to make familiar with • Make sb’s acquaintance/ make the acquaintance of sb.

29. Assurance n. • 1) Strong belief in one’s own ability and power. The teacher lacked assurance in front of his class. • 2) A trustworthy statement; promise He gave me his assurance that he would come. • Assure v. Self-assurance. Assured a.

30. Contrast n. comparison of unlike objects, esp. to show differences • The contrast of light and shade is important in photography. • Contrast v. contrastive adj. • In contrast with/to 于…成对比; by contrast 对比之下 • His white hair was in sharp contrast to his dark skin. • In contrast with her sister, she is very tall. • By contrast, she was much more outspoken.

31. Dwell (dwelt or dwelled) • 1) Live (formal), reside Those two young men are dwelling with us. • 2) Think, speak or write at length about She dwells too much upon her past. • Dwell on/upon • He did not dwell on the details of the matter

32. Excessively adv.Much more than what is normal or necessary • She takes an excessive interest in clothes. • Excess n. Exceed v.

33. Inferior a. lower in position, not good or less good in quality or value. • An inferior court of law • His work is inferior to mine. • Hi is so clever, he makes me feel inferior. • Be inferior to Women are not inferior to men. • Superior

34. Overcome v. (overcame, overcome) defeat, to fight successfully against; take control of • Overcome the enemy • Overcome a bad habit. • Over=conquer • Over=above, across, beyond. Overburden, overeat, overestimate, oversleep, overweight, overdo.

35. Profound a. • 1) Deep, far blow the surface. Strange creatures lie in the profound depth of the ocean. • 2) Deep, complete, very strongly felt. A profound sleep, a profound sigh. There was a profound silence in the empty church. • 3) Having, showing, or using thorough knowledge and deep understanding. He is a profound thinker; he has a profound mind.

36. Rejection n. • Refusing, abandoning. • I have had so many rejections that I have stopped offering to help her. • He keeps applying for jobs but constant rejections have discouraged him. • reject

37. Participate in: take part in • Our teacher encouraged us to participate in class discussion.

38. Live up to: 1) 达到预期标准,遵守, 实践(诺言,原则等). 2) 符合,不辜负(期望) • You should live up to your promise. • The new house did not live up to our expectations. • He will live up to what his parents expect of him.

39. Lack of • This young man displayed a complete lack of courtesy. • The lack of nay answer from him gave her the answer. • Fro lack of evidence, the prisoner was released.

40. Concentrate on/upon • He concentrated on law studies. • You will solve the problem if you concentrate upon it.

41. Associate with • We associate Egypt with the Nile. • She associated herself with her father in banking. • Don’t associate with dishonest boys.

42. Set aside • Try and set aside time to do some mending jobs. • He set all our objections aside. • You must set some money aside for rainy days.

43. Come along • Take every chance that comes along. • Chances are always coming. The key point is whether you are ready or not.

44. Difficult Sentences

45. All kinds of people describe themselves shy: short, tall, dull, intelligent, young, old, slim, overweight. (L. 1) Describe as: 把…描述成, 说成. Other phrases of the same structure appeared in this text are: View….as Interpret…..as Accept….as Label….as All the people, no matter they are short or tall, dull or intelligent, young or old, slim or overweight, say themselves to be shy. 各种人, 高的, 矮的, 愚笨的, 聪明的, 年轻的,年老的,苗条的,过胖的, 都把自己描述成羞怯的.

46. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliment, because they believe they are unworthy of praise. (L. 19) • Worthy of: not deserving. • She felt she was unworthy of the honor. • Having low self-esteem, shy people also find that it is difficult to accept other people’s praise and become happy, because they think they do not deserve it even if they really work well. • 他们也发现很难因别人的赞美而高兴,因为他们认为自己不值得赞扬.

47. It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful. • While, here it means 虽然, 尽管 • While respected, he is not liked. • It is obvious that, although self-awareness is a good quality, excessive self-awareness does more harm than good. • 很明显, 尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质, 过分的自我意识却是有害的.

48. Don’t feel that you must converse with everyone. (L.37) • Converse with sb. (about/on sthg): (formal) talk with • After a year studying at university I feel able to converse with everyone about anything • Don’t’ think it is necessary for you to talk with everyone. • 不要认为你必须和每个人交谈.

49. Very often a disappointment becomes a turning point for a wonderful experience to come along. (L.52) • Turning point: a point in time at which a very important change takes place. • A turning point in our country’s industrial development. • There was a turning point in the negotiation yesterday. • Usually a failure could be a sign indicating your bad luck has gone and a good experience will appear. • 挫折往往会成为一个转机,随之而来的将是一段美妙的经历.

50. People who hurt you do not have your best interest at heart. (L.57) • Have sthg. At heart: deeply interested in, care about. • He has his parents’ health at heart. • Best: the most • Serve the best interests of the people. • Devote life’s best energies to education. • People who hurt you do not care about your interests at all. • 伤害你的人并不关心你的利益.