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What is science?

What is science?. Agenda for Thursday Sept 4 th Nature of science/scientific method. Resources. Your User Name : kendricknovak Your Password : password You can log on at http://my.hrw.com Novak’s teacher website. Questions. What is science? Why do we do science? How do we do science?.

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What is science?

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  1. What is science? Agenda for Thursday Sept 4th • Nature of science/scientific method

  2. Resources Your User Name: kendricknovak Your Password: password You can log on at http://my.hrw.com Novak’s teacher website

  3. Questions What is science? Why do we do science? How do we do science?

  4. Nature of Science • Science – body of knowledge based on the study of nature • Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Earth Science • Process based on inquiry that seeks to develop explanations

  5. 7 things Science does • Relies on evidence • Expands knowledge • Challenges accepted theories • Questions results • Tests claims • Peer Review • Uses metric system

  6. The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence.

  7. Scientific Method Problem/Question Observation/Research Formulate a Hypothesis Experiment Collect and Analyze Results Conclusion Communicate the Results

  8. Steps of the Scientific Method • Problem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can be solved through experimentation.

  9. Steps of the Scientific Method 2. Observation/Research: Make observations and research your topic of interest.

  10. Steps of the Scientific Method 3. Formulate a Hypothesis: Predict a possible answer to the problem or question. Example: If soil temperatures rise, then plant growth will increase.

  11. Steps of the Scientific Method 4. Experiment: Develop and follow a procedure. Include a detailed materials list.

  12. Experimental Design • Control group – used for comparison, baseline • may be a “no treatment” group • exposed to same conditions as experimental group, except for the variable being tested • All experiments should have a control group • Experimental Group – group that gets tested • 1 factor changes at a time • Many trials

  13. Experimental Design • Independent (manipulated) variable – a factor that’s intentionally varied by the experimenter • tested factor • Dependent (responding) variable – the factor that may change as a result of independent variable • depends on the outcome of the independent variable • What you want to measure • Constant – remains same in every test experiment

  14. Data • Information gathered during an experiment • Qualitative – observations • Quantitative – numbers

  15. Steps of the Scientific Method 5. Collect and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if needed. Confirm the results by retesting. Include tables, graphs, and photographs.

  16. Steps of the Scientific Method 6. Conclusion: Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis. Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements to the procedure.

  17. Steps of the Scientific Method 7. Communicate the Results: Be prepared to present the project. Paper, presentations

  18. Think you can name all seven steps? Collect and Analyze Results Formulate a Hypothesis Communicate the Results Observation/Research Problem/Question Experiment Conclusion

  19. What is qualitative data? What is quantitative data? Agenda for Friday Sept 5th • Types of graphs • Outside lab

  20. What type of graph to use • Line graph. • Pie Chart. • Bar Graph. • Area Graph. • X-Y Plot.

  21. Leaf Lab Directions Part A • Make 10 observations of the tree/leaf/outside Part B • Each person acquire 1 leaf. • Measure (in cm) from base of leaf to tip of leaf. • Record you and your partners lengths in data table • Compile class data • Record class data • Make graph

  22. Observations and inferences • Inference - using observations, prior knowledge/experiences, and details from context to make connections and come up with ideas. • Deduction – make a conclusion from something known or assumed

  23. Models • A representation of an object or event • Technology • Computer simulated model • Hands on exploration

  24. Hypotheses, Theories, Laws • hypothesis – a suggested explanation; • a proposal based on reason that predicts a possible correlation between multiple phenomena (incidents, events, observations, etc.)

  25. Laws • law – notes only that something happens; • happens consistently and across the universe • usually simply stated • frequently can be stated mathematically Example: • Newton’s 2nd Law: a = f/m

  26. Theories • theory – explains why something happens; • A framework about a class or group of phenomena • Note – Theories are never “proven” – they are confirmed by overwhelming data; all theories, like all ideas in science, are subject to correction

  27. Four areas of Bias • Representation of data • Funding of Research • Cultural Bias • Testing

  28. Representation of Data • Graphical/statistical

  29. Funding of research • Who is funding the research? • Bp or Exxon oil • (Global climate change) • Tobacco industry (risks of smoking) • Audubon Society • (Location of pipeline / Arctic drilling) • Greenpeace

  30. Cultural Bias • Questionnaires or surveys: • Surveys written in English given to non-English language speakers

  31. Testing • Subjects used for testing • Animals / Humans for cosmetics or pharmaceuticals

  32. Scientific Method practice

  33. Mr. Novak is working on a science project. His task is to answer the question: "Does Plantgro (a commercial plant product) affect the speed of plant growth". Q: Describe how Mr. Novak would perform this experiment. Identify the control group, and the independent and dependent variables in your description. Agenda for Friday Dec 13th • Quiz • Read article

  34. Julie soaked six different kinds of seeds in water for 24 hours. Then she planted the seeds in soil at a depth of 1 cm. She used the same amount of water, light, and heat for each kind of seedto see how each seed would grow.What 4 factors are being controlled?What is the independent variable? Agenda for Monday Dec 16th • Alka Seltzer lab part 1

  35. What is the difference between a theory and a law? Agenda for Tuesday Dec 17th • Alka seltzer lab part 2 Test Friday

  36. Period 5 Data

  37. Period 3 Data

  38. What is the difference between control and constants? Agenda for Wednesday Dec 18th • Scientific method practice • Design Bridge Test Friday

  39. List the 4 areas of bias. Agenda for Thursday Dec 19th • Build and Test Bridge Test Tomorrow **I will look at stamps***

  40. TEST • Scientific method • Independent/dependent variable • Control group/experimental • Constants • Areas of bias • Observation/inferences • Qualitative/quantitative

  41. Engineering points • some lessons about design: • Build the simplest thing that could possibly work. “simple” DOES NOT equal“stupid”. • Go with the strengths of the material you’re given.

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