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FUEL SYSTEM

FUEL SYSTEM. Along the discussion please make a list of requirements to fuel system. Pureness of the fuel. High pressure pump and injectors Unit injectors Electronic unit injectors Contaminated fuel ruins the fine components. Sulphur. Converted to sulphur trioxide during combustion

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FUEL SYSTEM

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  1. FUEL SYSTEM Along the discussion please make a list of requirements to fuel system

  2. Pureness of the fuel • High pressure pump and injectors • Unit injectors • Electronic unit injectors Contaminated fuel ruins the fine components

  3. Sulphur • Converted to sulphur trioxide during combustion • But react with liquid water. The result is H2SO4 – highly corrosive agent • React with Zn – White cloud of Zink sulphate

  4. Water • Wears fuel system • Filter media go to swell cutting off the engine fuel supply • React with sulphur – H2SO4

  5. Steps to overcome effects of water • Drain water from fuel tanks • Obtain fuel from reliable sources • Use water separators

  6. Water separators • Sediment type

  7. Water separators • Coalescing type

  8. Catalytic Fines • Small , hard particles which originate at the refinery. • Cause very rapid abrasive wear on injection pumps, Piston rings and cylinder liners • Centrifuging and filtration

  9. Micro organisms in Fuel • Cause corrosion and filter plugging • Bioside added to the fuel will kill them but not remove the remained of their bodies • Clean tanks and filter the fuel

  10. Steps to minimize problem • Avoid long fuel storage periods • Drain water from fuel tanks regularly • Purchase fuel from reliable sources • Dose all fuel inventory with biocide at the first sign of micro organism contamination

  11. Filters • Primary Fuel Strainer – 0.1x 0.2 mm • Secondary Fuel Filter – 10 microns Advised by engine manufacturer

  12. Air in the fuel line Interruption of the flow

  13. Heat in the fuel Power loss 1% of each 6 o C (10 o F) above 29o C (85 o F)

  14. Fuel Coolers Factors affect the need for fuel cooling equipment: • Length of periods of continuous operation • Length of time between periods of operation • Volume of the fuel tank (larger than 11000L) • Ability of the fuel tanks to dissipate the heat of stored fuel

  15. REQUIREMENTS • Pureness of the fuel • No air in the fuel line • No excessive heat in the fuel • As less restriction in the line as possible • Storage • If more then one tank – transfer • Stop flow when engine stop • How much fuel available • Isolating branch in case of contaminating

  16. Fuel tanks • Size • How many tanks • Location • Materials • Requirements to the tank arrangement

  17. Size • Fuel consumption f x hp (of kW) F = ------------------- S x 1000 S – Specific gravity of diesel fuel – 0.83 f – Specific fuel consumption: g/hp-hr or g/kW-hr F – Fuel consumption: l/hr • Proposed hours work without refill

  18. How many tanks? • One – small boats • Two – Starboard and Port – stability maintenance • More than two • Day tank

  19. Day tanks Factors affect the need for fuel cooling equipment: • Length of periods of continuous operation • Length of time between periods of operation • Volume of the fuel tank ( larger than 11000L) • Ability of the fuel tanks to dissipate the heat of stored fuel

  20. Location of the day tank • The level of the fuel is to be no higher than the fuel injection valves on the engine • Close enough to the engine so the total suction lift is less than the suction head of the fuel pump.

  21. Location • On the bottom or close to the hull side provides good cooling but could create too great stability • Close to the engine provide small resistance of the lines but weight distribution could suffer • Level – 1.Lower than engine injectors or shut off valve to be provided - solenoid or manual; 2.No lower than suction head of the fuel pump or transfer to additional higher tank is to be provided

  22. Materials • Sheet steel • Marine aluminium • Nickel-copper • Fibreglass • Polyethylene Galvanized material should never be used Cu react with the sulphur in diesel as well

  23. Requirements to the tank • Fill • Ventilation • Gauge • Drain • Cleaning access • Discharge line • Return line • Baffles • Grounding/Bonding

  24. Tank construction

  25. Tank arrangement

  26. Fuel return line • Pressure limit – acc. manufacturer • Size at least same size as a supply line • A shutoff valve is not recommended

  27. Test • 3 psi or more depends of rules complied Clean and flush fuel system prior to start the engine

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