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The Urinary System

The Urinary System. Components of Urinary System. 2 Kidneys (major organs) 2 Ureters (Passage tubes ?) Bladder (Storage) Urethra (excretion). The Kidney (Shape & Location). Bean shaped organ Location: Post. Abdominal wall, retroperitoneal (?) At vertebral level of ??-??

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The Urinary System

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  1. The Urinary System

  2. Components of Urinary System • 2 Kidneys (major organs) • 2 Ureters (Passage tubes ?) • Bladder (Storage) • Urethra (excretion)

  3. The Kidney(Shape & Location) • Bean shaped organ • Location: • Post. Abdominal wall, retroperitoneal(?) • At vertebral level of ??-?? • Protected by 11th & 12th ribs • Rt. Kidney is slightly lower than lf. (why?)

  4. External Anatomy of Kidney • Convex lat. border • Concave medial border, • Contains in its middle the • renal hilum • Renal Hilum: • The area where str. Enter or leave the kidney (root of the kidney)

  5. Structures within The Hilum • From ant. to post.: • Renal Vein: • most ant. • Lf. is longer than Rt. • Renal Artery • Ureter: • most posterior

  6. Internal Anatomy of The Kidney • In longitudinal section • Outer layer = cortex • (divided into 2 zones ?) • Inner renal pyramids = medulla • (~8-18) • Renal columns:?? The kidney is protected by D.Ir.C.T. capsule = Renal Capsule

  7. Draining System Within Kidney • Each pyramid contains many collecting ducts •  • Gathered to form the • renal papilla • (Apex of the pyramid) •  • Minor Calyx • (Calyx = cup)

  8. Draining System Within Kidney • Each pyramid drains into • Minor calyx • (how many?) • Minor calyces join into • Major calyx • (~2-3) • Major calyces join into • Renal pelvis • Renal pelvis drains to • ureter

  9. Arterial Blood Supply To The Kidney • Renal a. •  • Segmental a. • (5 a.) •  • Interlobar a. • pass through ?? •  • Arcuate a. • over the bases of the pyramids • Arching between?? •  • Interlobular • Between lobules of the kidney

  10. “The Nephron” • The functional unit of the kidney that is responsible for bld. filtration & urine production • Each kidney contains ~1 million nephrons (constant #) • Consists of: • 1. Renal corpuscle • 2. Renal tubules

  11. Renal Corpuscle • Corpuscle = tiny body • Located in ?? • Fx.: bld. filtration & • urine formation • Composed of: • 1. Glomerulus: • Capillary network • 2. Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule • Double walled cup (simple sq. epith.) • One side: surround the capillaries (Visceral) • Other side: continues with tubules (parietal)

  12. ? ? ? ? Renal Corpuscle

  13. Renal Tubules • PCT • Cortex • Simple cub. epith. • Loop of Henle • Cortex & Medulla • Simple sq. epth. • 2 limbs: ? • DCT • Cortex • Simple cub. epith. • Drain into ?? Convoluted: tightly coiled

  14. Collecting & Papillary Ducts • Collecting Ducts: • Larger tubules that receive the DCT of several nephrons • * Each collecting duct & group of nephrons draining into it •  Renal Lobule • Papillary ducts: (see previous slide) • Large ducts that result from union of collecting ducts • Located at the apex of renal pyramids (renal papilla) • Several hundreds in # • Drain into ??

  15. Review: • 1. Nephron: fxnal unit • Renal corpuscle • - ? • - ? • Renal tubules • - ? • - ? • - ? • 2. Collecting ducts • cortex & medulla • 3. Papillary ducts: • renal papilla

  16. Renal Transplant • Transfer of a kidney from a living donor or cadaver to a pt. with renal failure 1- Donor kidney usually placed in the pt. pelvis 2- Renal a. & v. : attached to iliac a. & v. 3- Ureter: attached to bladder 4- Diseased kidneys: left in place 5- Pt. receives immunosuppressive drugs for life (why?)

  17. Artificial kidney machine Dialysis Solution Selective permeable membrane Hemodialysis • An artificial method for bld. Filtration when kidneys are in renal failure CAP Dialysis ?

  18. Ureter • Narrow muscular tube that transports urine from the ?? to the ?? • ( 25 cm) Transportation Mechanisms: 1. Peristaltic contractions: smooth m. on the wall 1 - 5/min 2. Gravity Opens obliquely into the post. Aspect of the bladder (Physiological sphincter)

  19. Ureter 3 areas of constriction: When renal pelvis joins the ureter Over pelvic brim When enters the bladder(posteriorly)

  20. Urinary Bladder • Hallow distensible muscular organ located in the pelvis, post. To pubic symphysis • Shape: varies (depending on urine content) • empty: collapsed • normal fill: spherical • overfilled: pear-shaped • Average capacity ~700-800ml • ( females ??)

  21. Internal Anatomy • Rugae & Trigone • Rugae: folds of bladder mucosa • - more prominent when bladder is ?? • Trigone: small triang. Area in the floor of the bladder • - No rugae (smooth) • - Very sensitive to expansion - Post. Corners= openings of ?, ant. Corner: opening of ?

  22. Urethra • Small tube that responsible for urine excretion from the bladder • Male: • longer (~20cm) • 3 parts: • Prostatic, membranous & penile • Female: • Shorter (~4cm)

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