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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN STATE

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN STATE. NARRATIVE EMBROIDERY, 231 FEET BY 19 INCHES, PROVIDES IMPORTANT HISTORICAL INFORMATION OF NORMAN & ANGLO SAXON WARRIOR CLASS

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN STATE

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  1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN STATE • NARRATIVE EMBROIDERY, 231 FEET BY 19 INCHES, PROVIDES IMPORTANT HISTORICAL INFORMATION OF NORMAN & ANGLO SAXON WARRIOR CLASS • Edward the Confessor (c.1003 - 1066) dies and the crown passes to King Harold II (c.1022 - 1066). In April of that year, Halley's Comet passes overhead (bottom right).

  2. THE IBERIAN PENINSULA & HOLY ROMAN EMPIREObj: How did Kings consolidate political power in Spain & the HRE?

  3. DEVELOPMENT OF MUSLIM SPAIN • 711 DEFEATED VISIGOTHS • ABD AL-RAHMAN 756-788 • ARABIC LANGUAGE OF BUSINESS • DISTINCTLY PLURALISTIC • AGRICULTURALLY ADVANCED • ABD AL-RAHMAN III 912-961 • CHRISTIAN SPAIN NORTH & PORTUGAL • CIVIL WAR ENSUED

  4. RECONQUISTA OF SPAIN11TH – 15TH CENTURIES • PLURALISTIC SOCIETY WILL BEGIN TO FRAGMENT • MUSLIM & CHRISTIAN RELATIONS DISINTIGRATE • VIEWS OF THE STATE • CHRISTIAN VIEW – GEOGRAPHIC & MUSLIM VIEW – WHEREVER MUSLIMS LIVE • CASTILE LARGEST CHRISTIAN KINGDOM KING ALFONSO VI • 1085 CAPTURE TOLEDO • BRIEFLY TAKEN BACK BY ALMORAVID’S OF NORTH AFRICA • 1212 RECAPTURED BY ALFONSO VIII (1158-1214) AT LAS NAVAS DE TOLOSA

  5. BEGINNING OF POLITICAL ORGANIZATION • ESTABLISHED REPRESENTA-TIVE ASSEMBLIES: CORTES • CLERGY,NOBILITY & URBAN DWELLERS ALL MEMBERS BUT MET SEPARATELY • CHRISTIANIZATION • OF FORMER MUSLIM AREAS • VALENCIA MOSQUE 1233 NOW A CATHEDRAL (SIMILAR FATE TO HAGIA SOPHIA) • SPAIN HIGHLY URBANIZED DUE TO MUSLIM INFLUENCE • EXPEL MUSLIMS, RECRUIT EURO-PEANS

  6. SPAIN & SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA • PILGRIMAGES PART OF MANY RELIGIONS • ST. JAMES’ TOMB FOUNDED IN N. SPAIN UNDER ALFONSO II 792-842 • 1075 CONSTRUCTION OF CATHEDRAL UNDER ALFONSO VI AT SITE OF ST. JAMES’ TOMB • LEGEND SAYS ST. JAMES BEGAN EXPULSION OF MUSLIMS OUT OF SPAIN BUT LIVED 600 YEARS BEFORE MOHAMMED • ROLE OF RELICS IMPORTANT – INTERCESSION ON YOUR BEHALF – DONATION FUNDED CHURCH

  7. HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE BY 11TH CENTURY • OTTO I (963-973) RELIED ON CHURCH FOR $ & ARMY FROM CHURCH LANDS, PAY HOMAGE • CROWNED EMPEROR BY POPE IN AACHEN – ELECTED POSITION • 1000-1300 REGIONAL AUTHO-RITY: TERRITORIAL LORDSHIP • CIVIL WAR MOST OF 12TH CENT. • ELECTION OF FRED. BARBAR-OSSA 1152-1190 • IMPERIAL AUTHORITY FIRST • LANDFRIEDEN – PEACE ASSOC. • USE OF ROMAN LAW TO JUSTIFY ITALIAN EXPEDITIONS 1154-88 • 1176 BATTLE OF LEGNANO

  8. FINANCES & ECONOMY IN HRE • NORMAN DOMINATION IN SICILY 1061-1091 ROGER I & SON ROGER II • FREDERICK I 1152-90 & FREDERICK II 1212-1250 – VIEW ITALY AS REVENUE PRODUCING • N. ITALIAN CITY-STATES & PAPAL STATES NOT INTERESTED & DEFEAT IN LEGNANO • COMPROMISE N. ITALY REMAINS INDEPENDENT BUT PAYS ANNUAL FEE TO F. BARBAROSSA • HENRY VI SON OF F.B. STRONGEST RULER SINCE CHARLEMAGNE BUT PREMATURE DEATH & EMPIRE FELL APART • FREDERICK II RAISED IN SICILY & COSMOPOLITAN & FOCUS ON ITALY SO GERMAN PRINCES TAKE OVER

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