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Tomomi Nio EORC / JAXA APSDEU-7 September 20-22, 2006 @ Hawaii

JAXA Activities in Earth Observations from Space -- Recent Progress of the GPM and GCOM Programs --. Tomomi Nio EORC / JAXA APSDEU-7 September 20-22, 2006 @ Hawaii. Topics. 1. Earth Observation Program Outline 2. Operation Status - TRMM - Aqua/AMSR-E - ALOS - Network Interface

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Tomomi Nio EORC / JAXA APSDEU-7 September 20-22, 2006 @ Hawaii

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  1. JAXA Activities in Earth Observations from Space -- Recent Progress of the GPM and GCOM Programs -- Tomomi Nio EORC / JAXA APSDEU-7 September 20-22, 2006 @ Hawaii

  2. Topics 1. Earth Observation Program Outline 2. Operation Status - TRMM - Aqua/AMSR-E - ALOS - Network Interface 3. Future Program - GOSAT - GPM - GCOM-W/C

  3. 1. Earth Observation Program Outline

  4. The Long Term Plan of JAXA Earth Observation for GEOSS

  5. 2. Operation Status

  6. Current Operation Status 2. Operation Status • TRMM (’97.11- ) almost 9 years old • Post-Operations Phase • Operation has been extended • Aqua/AMSR-E (’02.5- ) • Post-Operations Phase • ALOS (’06.1-) • Initial CAL/VAL Phase

  7. TRMM 2. Operation Status • It is approved that TRMM continues to observe tropical rainfalls until September 2009, with possible additional extension after another senior review, allowing for a possible overlap with GPM. (TRMM may operate as long as September 2012.) • Long, accurate record of quasi-global precipitation  Outstanding research benefit • Data utilization • 8 years of PR data has been accumulated. • Information on structure of precipitation systems brought by PR  Precipitation System Climatology • Estimation of estimated rain rate accuracy including effects of altitude change is important for climate research purpose

  8. Aqua/AMSR-E 2. Operation Status • AMSR-E data utilization • JMA started to use AMSR-E data for the global numerical prediction model on May 15, 2006. Improved the forecast accuracy of the track of a typhoon • “SST anomaly in the high latitude ocean of AMSR-E” site was released on September 14, 2006.

  9. Tropical Cyclone Data Base 2. Operation Status • JAXA EORC Tropical Cyclone Data Base • You can search tropical cyclone data observed by TRMM/PR, TMI, VIRS, Aqua/AMSR-E at the same time. • You can access TRMM/PR 3D movies. http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp

  10. Tropical Cyclone Data Base--TRMM 3D Movie--

  11. ALOS Overview 2. Operation Status • JAXA’s High-Resolution Earth Observing Satellite • Mission • Cartography (1/25,000) • Regional Environmental Monitoring • Disaster Monitoring • Resources Survey Spatial Resolution: 2.5m (at Nadia) Swath Width: 70km(Nadia only) / 35km (Triplet mode) Orbit : Sun Synchronous Altitude: 691.65km Repeat Cycle : 46days Sub-Cycle : 2days Launch Date : Jan.24, 2006 Star Tracker Range Resolution: 7 to 44/ 14 to 88m (Fine) 100m (ScanSAR) Swath Width: 40 to 70km (Fine) / 250 to 350km (ScanSAR) Spatial Resolution: 10m (at Nadia) Swath Width: 70km(at Nadia) Pointing Angle: -44 to +44 degree Data Relay Communication Antenna 9m GPS Antenna Solar Array Paddle 22m Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM) Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR)

  12. ALOS Current Status (Pre-disaster) (Post-disaster) Flooded areas in ChoeleChoele City, Argentina observed by "Daichi"(ALOS)/PRISM on July 30, 2006. 2. Operation Status • Initial CAL/VAL Period; • Calibration and Validation of each sensors on processing Level1 data from Level0 data are most important and necessary to improve the accuracy of high resolution DEM and biomass distribution data. • We will have the review on October 23 for moving to “Routine Operations Period”. • ALOS data utilization; • Disaster monitoring

  13. Network Interface JAXA/EOC JAXA/TKSC Wide Area Ethernet(100Mbps) ATM 1Mbps -EORC Tokyo office move to Tsukuba the end of October. JMA/MSC Wide area Ethernet JAXA/EORC 2. Operation Status NASA/GSFC (SDPF,TSDIS,EDOS,CSAFS) JAXA/EOC APAN/SINET (effect 6Mbps) NASA/JPL (PO.DAAC) NOAA/NESDIS -EORC will connect Tsukuba WAN and increase 200Mbps with EOC next April. -Internet (VPN) is used for ALOS. -Wide width network will be implemented for GOSAT

  14. 3. Future Program

  15. 3. Future Program GOSAT Greenhouse gasses Observing SATellite

  16. GOSAT Overview FSSH FSSH FSSH - - - 2/3 2/3 2/3 TEDA TEDA TEDA - - - LPT2 LPT2 LPT2 TEDA TEDA TEDA - - - LPT1 LPT1 LPT1 PDL PDL PDL GOS GOS GOS 光学系ユニット 光学系ユニット 光学系ユニット CS CS CS 光学系ユニット 光学系ユニット 光学系ユニット CAM CAM CAM - - - H1 H1 H1 ESH ESH ESH SANT SANT SANT - - - 1 1 1 XANT XANT XANT - - - 2 2 2 XANT XANT XANT - - - 1 1 1 FSSH FSSH FSSH - - - 1 1 1 （進行方向、ロケット機軸方向） （進行方向、ロケット機軸方向） （進行方向、ロケット機軸方向） X X X Y Y Y Z Z Z （地心方向） （地心方向） （地心方向） 3. Future Program • Mission • To observe greenhouse effect gasses globally TANSO-FTS (Greenhouse gasses observing Sensor) Atmospheric absorption observation by Fourier Theorem Spectroscopy Wavelength band1 0.38μm band2 0.67μm band3 0.87μm band4 1.62μm Spectrum resolution 0.2 – 1cm TANSO-CAI (Cloud/Aerosol Sensor) Imager Wavelength band1 0.38μm band2 0.67μm band3 0.87μm band4 1.62μm Designed Life Span: 5years Orbit Plan: Altitude 666km Sun-Synchronous Sub-Recurrent Orbit Orbit Inclination: 98deg. Launch: Aug.2008 by H-IIA (TBD)

  17. 3. Future Program GPM Global Precipitation Measurement

  18. From TRMM to GPM 3. Future Program NASA, JAXA and NICT International Cooperation Mission Cooperation(Expected partners) ： NOAA(US),NASA(US), CNES/ISRO(France/India) and others

  19. GPM Overview 2 satellites 8 satellites 3. Future Program • Mission: Core Satellite • Observation of rainfall with more accurate and higher resolution • Adjustment of data from constellation satellites Constellation Satellites • More frequent Observation GPM • Global Observation every 3 hours ↓ • Earth heating Phenomena • Study of Climate Change • Improvement of forecasting system *DPR=Dual Frequency Radiometer 14GHz KuPR and 35GHz KaPR

  20. GPM project status 3. Future Program • Core satellite: • GPM core launch schedule was slipped to June 2013 because of NASA budget problem • Currently JAXA is in phase B. • JAXA proceed to phase C/D in JFY 2007. • Constellation satellites: • A lot of changes! • EGPM : reduced • NPOESS : scale downed (reduced time orbit and CMIS) • NASA constellation : Non-sun synchronous (inclination 40°) etc. • Microwave radiometers get fewer at the operation period of GPM core. It is very difficult to achieve our objectives. JAXA started to use not only microwave radiometer but also microwave sounder data for frequent precipitation observation.

  21. Overlap of satellite operation 3. Future Program In order to achieve our GPM mission, we hope to know more details of constellation candidate. -Possibility of FY-3 data use. -Korea (KMA/KARI) will plan to have satellite with microwave radiometer or not? -NPOESS update information. etc. Note: Not written about FY-3/MWRI and MWHS

  22. GPM Related Meetings 3. Future Program • Workshop: • The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop, • Date: 6-8 November 2006 • place: USA • GPM Data Working Group:GDaWG • Not hold this year Update information, idea, advice, comments are welcome!! • ** We started to study the possibility of multi sensor data use such as other agency’s sensors or microwave sounder. • If possible, I want to discuss data exchange in specific. • - What type of data format ? • - How to get data to use in real-time, operationally? • - Can we get Point of Contact?

  23. 3. Future Program GCOM Global Climate Observation Mission

  24. GCOM System Overview 3. Future Program

  25. GCOM-W 3. Future Program AMSR2 Targets of GCOM-W/AMSR2 are water-energy cycle. AMSR-2 will continue AMSR-E observations (water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, wind speed, sea ice concentration etc.). If GCOM-W2, W3 has scatterometer, GCOM-W scatterometer in afternoon orbit will increase time resolution and data coverage in combination with the METOP/ASCAT in morning orbit (to achieve every 6 hours observation). AMSR-2 data will contribute to operational users such as meteorological agencies

  26. AMSR-Products (ADEOS-II) AMSR product table Cloud liquid water Precipitation Snow depth Sea ice conc. Water vapor (ocean) Wind speed (ocean) Soil moisture Sea surface temperature

  27. GCOM-C 3. Future Program Shortwave (SW) & thermal infrared (T) scanning radiometer Targets of GCOM-C/ SGLI is surface and atmospheric valuables related to carbon cycle and radiation budget. SGLI will follow almost of the GLI observations (sea surface temperature, ocean color, aerosols, cloud, vegetation, snow/ ice, and so on). The new SGLI features (250m (VN) and 500m (T) channels and two polarization/ multi-direction channels (P)) will enable to improve land and coastal monitoring and retrieval of aerosol over land. Polarization muti-angle radiometer (P) Visible & near infrared (VN) push-broom radiometer

  28. GLI products on ADEOS-II GLI product table TOA radiance Cloud optical thickness Aerosols Snow grain size water vapor (land) Land vegetation Ocean chlorophyll Sea surface temperature

  29. “Integrated Marine Exploration and Earth Observation System” 緯度 時間 経度 Establishment of a fundamental system for Earth observation, disaster monitoring and marine exploration system as a national key technology for Japanese national security Quasi-Zenith Satellite GOSAT GPM/DPR GCOM ALOS Policy making Users Cloud Aerosol Integration of observation data Integrated dataset Data Integration & Analysis Positioning Rainfall Ocean wind SST Ocean color GHG Vegetation Earth Observation ・Global environment problem ・GHG ・Understand of weather anomaly and climate change Deep sea drilling Disaster Monitoring ・Disaster monitoring of earthquake, heavy rain etc. ・Trench giant earthquake Future marine exploration technology Research institutes Marine exploration ・Marine exploration under ocean bottom ・Resource exploration by satellite and marine probe Ministry and agency

  30. Summary • Current satellite: • TRMM/PR, Aqua/AMSR-E and ALOS are operating well. • Future Program: • GOSAT is developing for the launch in 2008. • GPM project is studying the new possibility of data utilization for frequent precipitation observation. *We need your cooperation! • GCOM-W project will be approved soon. AMSR-2 data will contribute to improving climate change prediction and operational use.

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