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Gender issues in technical and vocational education and training. Short formal schooling for girls in Africa, most of it between 6 and 15.By then, many are married, have dropped out or fallen pregnant. .
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Gender issues in technical and vocational education and training Short formal schooling for girls in Africa, most of it between 6 and 15.By then, many are married, have dropped out or fallen pregnant.
Usable, effective and sustainable TVET should focus on these children, particularly girls, most of whom are married, pregnant or in the labor market by the age of 20.
PPE is segmented by gender, accessible mainly to affluent children in Africa. Policy frameworks for school-based TVET lack sufficient coherence and may be market-led, varying in quality and standards. Given the cost of equipment and tools for TVET, it is ignored or minimized.
Little experience with post-primary TVET for adolescent girls in Africa. Schooling is poor in quality and poor road and transport networks make schools inaccessible to most children. In schools, violence against children, particularly girls is prevalent making the agricultural and informal labor markets the preferred sectors for girls.
Labour markets offer poorly paid, high risk, exploitative and hazardous jobs. Boys may opt to migrate to towns and abroad. Girls often marry and have children under conditions of extreme poverty and drudgery. This puts them at risk of being trafficked. With HIV-related mortality, early widowhood, single parenting and death, TVET is critical for the survival of children.
POLICY POSSIBILITIES • Develop appropriate macro-economic frameworks to facilitate the financing of UPE and TVET. • Improve access to diverse and good quality schooling for boys and girls to provide a sound foundation for TVET. • Increase benefits accruing to girls and women through equal pay, promotion and conditions of service for men and women in the labor market. • Develop and provide access to diverse and good quality, meaningful and relevant non-formal education for girls, poor boys and women where barriers to education are high. • Integrate TVET into the formal structure of education and training, making equivalence and comparability with formal education easy. • Return pregnant girls to school and avail them appropriate TVET. • Strengthen science and technology training for girls and women and poor boys and men to make them competitive in the digital market place. • Raise awareness of trafficking for sex and other work within and outside Africa, structure migration and develop meaningful alternatives to migration. • Develop diverse partnerships to finance, supervise and institutionalize TVET in Africa. • Build up databases on adolescents and other labor, disaggregated by age, sex, class and sector for policy development and training.