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Tara Levine, Bridget Sanelli , Madeline Stenken Block 3 AP Statistics. Moodbusters : Fighting Moodiness in CB South Lunches. Class Activity. Groups of four or five Design a shirt that represents the mood we assign you (color and design- wise)
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Tara Levine, Bridget Sanelli, Madeline Stenken Block 3 AP Statistics Moodbusters: Fighting Moodiness in CB South Lunches
Class Activity • Groups of four or five • Design a shirt that represents the mood we assign you (color and design- wise) • Make it what you would wear when you feel this mood • Just write it on the shirt • Make a conclusion– do you think your mood really affects your shirt color?
Background • Many studies showing color can affect mood, but can mood affect color? • Color Psychology: • “…color can alter moods, influence behavior, and even cause physical reactions -- like raising your blood pressure or suppressing your appetite” (findarticles.com) • Warm colors (reds, oranges yellows) evoke feelings of warmth and comfort (Cherry) • Cool colors associated with sadness (Cherry)
Description • Wanted to see if the “myth” that shirt color reflects mood is true • Observed association (or lack thereof) of: • Shirt color and mood • Shirt design and gender • Mood and lunch time • Shirt color and gender • Testing independence for all variables
Procedure • Went to lunches (A, B, C, and D) • SRS of lunch tables from cafeteria map– assigned tables numbers • Made data table with categories • Which lunch, gender, shirt color, shirt type, shirt design, and mood • Went to about four or five tables per lunch and surveyed about six per table • Tried to survey around 20-25 people per lunch
Procedure Continued • Data Table • Mood: happy, unhappy, tired, or content • Shirt type: Long sleeved, short sleeved, or sweatshirt • Shirt Design: Brand (includes school, colleges, brands, bands, and phrases…), Pattern, Plain, and Sports
Procedure- Tests • Chi Square Test of Independence • Shirt color and mood • Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and mood. • Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and mood. • Shirt Design and gender • Ho: There is no relationship between shirt design and gender. • Ha: There is a relationship between shirt and gender.
Procedure- Tests Continued • Mood and Lunch time • Ho: There is no relationship between mood and lunch time. • Ha: There is a relationship between mood and lunch time. • Shirt color and gender • Ho: There is no relationship between mood and lunch time. • Ha: There is a relationship between mood and lunch time.
Shirt Color Distribution Analysis: The most popular shirt color at south is black. Shirt colors are not equally distributed throughout the school because certain colors are more predominantly worn.
Mood and Shirt Color Content: 34.61% of the students who are content were wearing black, 0% of students were wearing brown or pink. Happy: 19.44% of students who are happy were wearing blue or grey, 0% of students were wearing pink. Tired: Most students that were tired were wearing grey (41.67%), 0% of students were wearing brown, green, navy, pink, or purple Unhappy: 37.50% of unhappy students were wearing black, 0% were wearing brown, green, or purple
Gender Sample was pretty evenly distributed between males and female; the majority was males
Gender and Shirt Color Analysis: The majority of females were wearing black or grey (23.68%). None were wearing brown. The majority of males were wearing black (28.85%). None were wearing pink or purple. Black and grey are common between both genders.
Mood and Gender Analysis: Most females were happy (36.84%). Many were also content (34.21%) and the least amount of females were tired (10.53%). The same goes for the males too, 42.31% were happy, 25% were content, 15.38% were tired.
Mood and Lunch A lunch: Most students were tired (58.33%), only one person said content B lunch: Most students were content (46.15%), only a couple people said tired C lunch: Most students were happy (44.44%), only one person said tired D lunch: Most students were content (42.31%), only a couple people said tired
Conclusion from Exploratory Data • The most popular shirt color at South is black • Most students, when asked at lunch, are happy (40%) • Content: 28.89%, Unhappy: 17.78%, Tired: 13.33% • Black and grey shirts are popular among males and females • As the day goes on, students in lunch become less tired and unhappy to happier and content
χ2 Test of Independence:Shirt Color & Mood Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and mood. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and mood.
χ2 Test of Independence:Shirt Color & Mood Conditions Shirt color and mood are categorical data SRS of lunch tables in each lunch was taken All expected cell counts ≥5 Categorical Data SRS All expected cell counts ≥5 Not all conditions met, continue test anyway: χ 2 Distribution χ2 Test of Independence
χ2 Test of Independence:Shirt Color & Mood Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and mood. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and mood. = + +… = 27.28 P(χ2>27.28/ df= 27)=0.45 Conclusion We fail to reject the Ho because the p-value of 0.45 is greater than α=.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no relationship between shirt color and mood.
χ2 Test of Independence:Shirt Design & Gender Ho: There is no relationship between shirt design and gender. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt design and gender.
χ2 Test of Independence:Shirt Design & Gender Conditions Shirt design and gender are categorical data SRS of lunch tables in each lunch was taken All expected cell counts ≥5 Categorical Data SRS All expected cell counts ≥5 Not all conditions met, continue test anyway: χ 2 Distribution χ2 Test of Independence
χ2 Test of Independence:Shirt Design & Gender Ho: There is no relationship between shirt design and gender. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt design and gender. = + +… = 4.662 P(χ2>4.662/ df= 3)=0.2 Conclusion We fail to reject the Ho because the p-value of 0.2 is greater than α=.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no relationship between shirt design and gender.
χ2 Test of Independence:Shirt Color & Gender Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and gender. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and gender.
χ2 Test of Independence:Shirt Color & Gender Conditions Shirt color and gender are categorical data SRS of lunch tables in each lunch was taken All expected cell counts ≥5 Categorical Data SRS All expected cell counts ≥5 Not all conditions met, continue test anyway: χ 2 Distribution χ2 Test of Independence
χ2 Test of Independence:Shirt Color & Gender Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and gender. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and gender. = + +… = 9.905 P(χ2>9.905/ df= 9)=0.36 Conclusion We fail to reject the Ho because the p-value of 0.36 is greater than α=.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no relationship between shirt color and gender.
χ2 Test of Independence:Mood & Lunch Time Ho: There is no relationship between mood and lunch time. Ha: There is a relationship between mood and lunch time.
χ2 Test of Independence:Mood and Lunch Time Conditions Mood and Lunch are categorical data SRS of lunch tables in each lunch was taken All expected cell counts ≥5 Categorical Data SRS All expected cell counts ≥5 Not all conditions met, continue test anyway: χ 2 Distribution χ2 Test of Independence
χ2 Test of Independence:Mood and Lunch Time Ho: There is no relationship between mood and lunch time. Ha: There is a relationship between mood and lunch time. = + +… =26.46 P(χ2>26.46/ df= 9)=0.0017 Conclusion We reject the Ho because the p-value of 0.0017 is less than α=.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is a relationship between mood and lunch time.
Application Since we know the only dependent test was between mood and lunch (the p-value 0.0017 is less than alpha, 0.05, so it’s significant), we can observe how our friends might act based on their lunch time.
Bias and Error • Categories • Had to group them so we didn’t have so many categories that we couldn’t compare them • Example: if someone said “stressed” or “apathetic,” we considered them “unhappy” • Example: bands and phrases were included in “brand” • By D lunch, we knew our categories & told the people we surveyed, so they had more narrow options
Bias and Error Continued • Friends often influenced others at their tables when saying “mood” • Or, if didn’t know us, may have felt uncomfortable being honest • Also, our own friends– affects mood and willingness and goofiness • Should have just done one person per table? Too difficult to get good sample size • Didn’t record people who didn’t want to respond– could have made that a separate option for “mood,” maybe • Shirt color– if more than one shirt or predominant color • Shirt design–if more than one design or cardigans, layers, etc.
Bias and Error Continued • Only surveyed people on one day • Only surveyed teens 10th- 12th grade (no adults) • Only surveyed in school– different even if with different lunchtimes at work or other schools?
Personal Opinions/ Conclusions • Surprised mood really doesn’t affect shirt color from what our data tells us • Could have made surveying more accurate • Different/ wider population • Different way to survey • Papers • Website– but that’d result in voluntary bias • Pull people aside to avoid friend influence– awkward and intimidating?
Works Cited • Cherry, Kendra. "Color Psychology." About.com. The New York Times Company, n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2011. <http://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ a/colorpsych.htm>. • Lucia, Lynn Santa. "Color power: how much can the color of the shirt you wear, the food you eat, and the walls you surround yourself with affect you? A lot more than you may think." CBS Moneywatch. Bnet, May 2002. Web. 9 Jan. 2011. <http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3415/is_8_17/ ai_n28914591/>