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Hepatitis

Hepatitis. A. B. C. and more. Public Health and Health Improvement Unit. The liver. Hepatitis affects the liver. The liver is the body’s chemical factory and performs hundred of complex functions.

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Hepatitis

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  1. Hepatitis A B C and more... Public Health and Health Improvement Unit

  2. The liver • Hepatitis affects the liver. The liver is the body’s chemical factory and performs hundred of complex functions. • Nutrients from food pass through your intestine where they are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to your liver. • Here the nutrients are either stored or broken down further, ready for the body to use.

  3. The liver • The liver produces quick energy when it is needed. • It aids the digestive process by producing bile. • It neutralises and destroys poisons. • It helps the body resist infection by producing immune factors.

  4. HEPATITIS C LABORATORY REPORTSEngland and Wales, By Region, 1992-2000

  5. Hepatitis A transmission You can contract Hep A: • by being in close contact with someone with the virus • from eating contaminated food • by drinking contaminated water & ice cubes with sewage (usually abroad) • from blood-to-blood exposure (rare)

  6. Prevention of HAV transmission You can AVOID contracting Hep A: • by being vaccinated before travelling to certain countries • by being vaccinated if you work in a high risk occupation or have a personal risk outside work • by always cooking shellfish well • by avoiding salads, shellfish, tap water, unpasteurised milk and ice cubes abroad

  7. Hepatitis B You can contract Hep B: • by having unprotected sex • by sharing needles and other injecting equipment • from someone infected with the virus by coming into contact with their blood • by accidental injury with contaminated needles • by having medical or dental treatment in countries where blood is not screened or where medical equipment is not adequately sterilised

  8. Hepatitis B You can AVOID contracting Hep B: • by not sharing any injecting equipment • by having safe sex • by being vaccinated if you are at risk or someone in your household is infected

  9. Hepatitis C You can contract Hep C: • by sharing needles and other injecting equipment • possibly by sharing personal items (razors/toothbrushes etc.) with an infected person • from infected blood or blood products received during medical treatment in countries where blood is not screened for hepatitis C • from blood transfusions and blood products in UK prior to September 1991

  10. Avoiding HCV infection You can AVOID contracting Hep C: • by not sharing any injecting equipment • by using sterile needles for acupuncture, tattooing and body piercing • by having safe sex???? • by not sharing personal items (razors/toothbrushes etc.) with an infected person

  11. Blood transfusion Blood products Perinatal Intrafamilial Hemodialysis Shared needles Tattooing Needle-stick and sharps injuries Sexual Saliva Chronic Hepatitis CRoutes of Transmission

  12. Chronic Hepatitis CHigh Risk Groups • Recipients of multiple blood transfusions • Haemophiliacs • Haemodialysis patients • Infants of HCV+ mothers • Intravenous drug users • Healthcare workers

  13. Symptoms • All types of hepatitis have very similar symptoms- • none at all • flu-like • tiredness, feeling physically sick with loss of appetite and possibly diarrhoea • weight loss • muscle or joint aches or vague abdominal pain • jaundiced appearance - eyes and skin turn yellowish and urine turns dark • skin may itch

  14. Viral hepatitis,laboratory reports

  15. Chronic Hepatitis CIncidence • Anti-HCV found: • <1% of blood donors • 70-90% of injecting drug users • 50-80% of haemophiliacs • 6-15% of patients at GUM clinics • 29% of female prisoners (Canada) Source: JID 1995;171 (April) Can J Infect Dis Vol 3 #1 Jan.Feb./92

  16. Surveillance of viral infectionsMarkers of infection detected in blood donations: England and Wales, 1996

  17. Hepatitis B & CSeroprevalence in IVDUs • HCV • International reports 53 - 98% • Canadian reports 43 - 50% • HBV • International reports 45 - 86% Source: Dr. Launette Rieb M.D. M.Sc.

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