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Explore successful balloon flights studying ice geysers, water vapor enhancements, lightning, and more in the atmosphere. Learn about long-duration circumnavigating flights and stratospheric super-pressure balloons. Discover insights from CNES balloon evolution since 2004. Enhance collaboration between scientists and CNES for innovative balloon projects.
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Ex of successful flight (1) Ice geysers and water vapour enhancements in the TTL Niamey 23 Aug 2006 Local storms 1500 m3 plastic balloon, 9 kg payload (Flash hygrometer, BKS, PTU, GPS, Ozone) Khaikin et al.
Ex of successful flight (2): dust up to 22 km Niamey 31 Jul 2006 8:30 Niamey 31 Jul 2006 9:00 4000 m3 plastic balloon, 30 kg payload Uwyo Optical Particle Counter and CN Deshler et al.
Ex of successful flight (3): Lightning and LNOx AIRS AC Electric field SAOZ Optical sensors Zenith, Nadir Lightning NOX in the UT Berthelier et al.
How studying TST with balloons ? 2. Long duration circum-navigating flights
INFRA-RED MONTGOLFIER HIBISCUS Feb-April 2004 39 days flight Longitude (°) to the West Max Water Vapour in the TTL over convective continents Pommereau et al.
INFRA-RED MONTGOLFIER HIBISCUS Feb-April 2004, 39 days ? • Max production at 10-15 km over Africa and South America • Little indication of blue-jet / TLE production in the stratosphere Pommereau et al.
HIBISCUS : Stratospheric super-pressure balloons (BPS) 8 flights at 19 km Up to 79 days Bauru Courtesy : A. Hertzog
Impact of CNES Balloon evolution since 2004 • Rubber and plastic balloon sondes: CNES said not interested Alternative: Operation by scientists • Small balloons: addition of valve, ballast, 55 /65 kg telemetry and thus larger balloon, 3.5 h chronology, flight under derogation of CNES president! etc. Result: significant loss of flexibility. 6 flights during SCOUT-AMMA instead of 10 planned • MIR (and BP): new hard restrictions (discovered by scientists only on the field). Offer to fly over oceans only ! Cut-down if predicted at 18 km during the following nights. Why 18 km? Risk of collision with aircraft? Risk for ground population back to >10-6. Validity of ECMWF brigthness temperature predictions? No more feasible for the moment
Prerequisite for new balloon projects • clear view of what is still feasible: sites, balloon types, CNES safety rules…. • - better exchange between scientists and CNESIB in the definition of balloon projects in adequation with scientific objectives