Structures & Functions of Living Organisms

1. Structures & Functions of Living Organisms

2. Living Organisms • What do you think is the largest living organism? • What do you think is the smallest living organism? • Make a list in your notebook of 5 of the largest and 5 of the smallest living things that you can think of.

15. What really is the smallest organism?

16. Single Celled Organisms • What characteristics do single celled (unicellular) organisms have in common?

17. Single Celled Organisms • How do unicellular organisms differ from one another?

18. Single Celled Organisms • What characteristics do unicellular organisms such as the ones you have just seen share with multicellular organisms such as birds, dogs, or humans?

19. Single Celled Organisms • How do these unicellular organisms get nourishment, water, and oxygen and get rid of waste?

20. Single Celled Organisms • How do unicellular organisms move?

21. Single Celled Organisms • How do unicellular organisms reproduce?

22. Single Celled Organisms • A CELL is the basic unit of life. • These single celled organisms are classified as PROTISTS. • Protists are unicellular EUKARYOTIC organisms. • Eukaryotic means cells that have membrane bound organelles. The organism’s DNA is found inside a nucleus.

23. Types of Single Celled Organisms • There are 3 major classes of Protists: • Animal-like protists • Plant-like protists • Fungus-like protists

24. Animal-like Protists • The PARAMECIUM is animal-like • It has short hair-like structures, called CILIA, that beat rapidly to move the paramecium along.

25. Animal-like Protists • The AMOEBA is animal-like • It moves and eats by extending it’s false foot to surround it’s food.

26. Plant-like Protists • The EUGLENA is plant-like. • It has CHLOROPLASTS which allow it to make it’s own food. • The process of making it’s own food is called PHOTOSYNTHESIS • A euglena moves by whipping it’s FLAGELLUM around.

27. This is a picture of a Euglena

28. Plant-like Protists • The VOLVOXis plant-like. • It is a type of green algae that can be found in groups called colonies. • Usually found in fresh water.

29. Lots of Organelles! • Organelles are like little organs for the cell, carrying out specific jobs for the cell to function properly. • Cell membrane: semi-permeable membrane that holds the cell together and allows gases to pass through it. • Cytoplasm: the liquid inside the cell • Contractile vacuole: moves water in and out of the cell • Food vacuole: where food is digested • Nucleus: where DNA is stored • Pseudopod: a “false foot” used for movement

30. Lots of Organelles! • Chloroplast: where photosynthesis occurs • Gullet & Mouth Pore: mouth-like area that takes in food • Eyespot: used to detect light for plant-like protists • Flagellum: whip-like tail used for locomotion • Cilia: hair-like structures along the outside of the cell used for locomotion • Oral groove: pushes food into a food vacuole for digestion • Anal pore: passes waste out of the cell

31. How can we see these things? • These organisms are MICROSCOPIC. • We need to use a microscope in order to see them. • Do you remember how to use a microscope??

33. TIME TO PRACTICE! • Now it’s your turn to practice your microscope skills! • Make sure to follow ALL directions on the lab sheet.