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Muscles

Muscles. Three Types of Muscles Cardiac – Heart muscle which conducts involuntary contraction Smooth – Also, involuntary contraction, but is found in the linings of organs. Skeletal – Voluntary muscles that are attached to bones. Thus, moving the skeleton.

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Muscles

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  1. Muscles • Three Types of Muscles • Cardiac – Heart muscle which conducts involuntary contraction • Smooth – Also, involuntary contraction, but is found in the linings of organs. • Skeletal – Voluntary muscles that are attached to bones. Thus, moving the skeleton. • Movie clip – discusses the 3 types . .. . . . .. . . . .

  2. Arrangement of Muscles • Muscles often work in pairs. These are antagonistic muscles. As one muscle contracts and shortens, the other muscle relaxes and lengthens. • E.g. biceps and triceps. • Flexors bendjoints, whereasextensors straighten joints. • Movie Clip

  3. Major muscles that you need to know:

  4. Skeletal Muscle • Skeletal muscles allow you to move. • The structure of skeletal muscles • Muscles are made of bundles of muscle fibers. • Muscle fibers are surrounded by a protein sheath. • Myofilament the contractile protein of muscle

  5. Muscle fiber structure: • Actin and myosin are the contractile myofilaments • Actin are thin and myosin are thick • Muscle fibers look banded. • A band is myosin I bands are actin • A sarcomere is from one Z line to the next

  6. Sliding Muscle theory • Actin fibers slide over the myosin fibers. • Knobs on myosin attach, bend, and then detach from actin. • ATP is required for each of these steps. • Thus, rigor mortis is possible. • Video clip

  7. Muscle Fatigue • Muscle fatigue is caused by lack of energy and a build up of wastes. • ATP is constantly created by aerobic respiration in muscles. • The phosphates are replenished by creatine phosphate (ADP  ATP) • Lactic acid causes the burning you feel when anaerobic respiration occurs.

  8. Muscle contraction • One nerve impulse causes stimulus of several muscle fibers. • Summation of nerve impulses • Tetanus – a constant state of muscle contraction . . . . . . . . . .

  9. Fast and Slow twitch Fibers • There are three different types of muscle fibers. • Type I – slow and efficient • Type IIa and IIx – fast and inefficient.

  10. Arthroscopic Surgery • A needle like tube that has a fibrotic light (2 mm wide) • We then can see the inside of the body without causing much damage. • Also, surgical equipment can be inserted in with the arthroscopic. • A hospital visit is not always needed for this procedure.

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