1 / 19

Urologic Disorders

Urologic Disorders. NPN 200 Medical Surgical Nursing I. Function of the Urinary System. Maintain homeostasis Remove metabolic wastes Kidneys regulate the volume, acid base balance, and electrolyte balance Responsible for detoxification of the blood Aides in erythropoiesis

alaura
Download Presentation

Urologic Disorders

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Urologic Disorders NPN 200 Medical Surgical Nursing I

  2. Function of the Urinary System • Maintain homeostasis • Remove metabolic wastes • Kidneys regulate the volume, acid base balance, and electrolyte balance • Responsible for detoxification of the blood • Aides in erythropoiesis • Helps to regulate B/P • Regulates serum potassium, calcium, and phosphate

  3. Anatomy and Physiology of Urinary System • Components of system • Kidneys • Ureters • Bladder • Urethra

  4. Anatomy

  5. Data Collection • Subjective symptoms • Problems with elimination • Changes in voiding habits • Discharge from the urethra • Pain in the supra-pubic area or back • Burning sensation on voiding

  6. Data Collection • Objective systems • Bladder distention (rigid, tender abdomen) • Urine color, odor, cloudiness, presence of mucus, sediment, blood, casts, bacteria • Genital irritation • Amount of urine output • Electrolyte studies • Edema of extremities • Vital signs

  7. Data Collection • History • Previously normal urinary habits • Health problems with urinary system • Presence and location of edema • Medications • Food or medicine allergies • Spasms or pain or both in the bladder region or flank area • Presence of discharge

  8. Physical Examination • Color of skin and crystals on skin • Skin turgor • Look for edema of eyes, sacrum and extremities • Observe respirations for signs of acidosis, fluid overload, • Check heart rate and rhythm • Palpate abdomen for distention and flank for pain • Examine genitals

  9. Blood and Urine Urinalysis, and culture and sensitivity, glucose, protein, ketones Creatinine clearance BUN Serum creatinine Serum electrolytes X- rays Flat plate of ABD/ KUB IVP Renal scan Renal Angiogram MRI CT Diagnostic Exams

  10. Diagnostic Exams • Renal biopsy • Cyctoscopy and retrograde pyleograms • Cystogram – uses dye into bladder • Cystometrogram – evaluates bladder tone • Bladder scanners (estimates bladder volume

  11. Urinary Tract Infections • More common in women • Most prevalent nosocomial infection • Are ascending or descending • Are described by their location in the tract • Lower • Urethritis • Cystitis • Prostatitis • Upper • Pyelonephritis • Site and type of bacteria determines treatment

  12. Factors Contributing to UTI’s • Invasive procedures – catheters • Obstruction – bacteria can grow in pool of urine • Stones – obstructs and irritates mucosa • Vesicoureteral reflux – urine goes up into kidneys • Diabetes- glucose is food for bacteria • Gender – closes to bacteria • Age – not emptying, neuromuscular, medications • Sexual activity – irritation, increased bacteria in area

  13. Inflammation of the urethra In men Usually burning, or difficulty with urination Most common cause is an STD In women Burning, pain and difficulty voiding Irritation from vaginal deodorants and bubble bath Treatment Treat STD Treat with antibiotics if bacteria present Sitz baths Wipe front to back Void before and after sex Decrease bubble baths And vaginal deodorants Urethritis

  14. Inflammation of the bladder More common in women S/S – burning, frequency, urgency, hematuria, incontinence, pain, fever, cloudy urine Diagnosis – urinalysis and a C&S Treatment – antibiotics, analgesics, Pyridium, Urispas Interventions Sitz baths Analgesics ^ fluid Teach avoid tight clothing showers over tub no caffeine wipe front to back cranberry juice Cystitis

  15. Chronic inflammation of the bladder Cause unknown More females Severe pelvic pain with urinary frequency and urgency Bladder becomes stiff and scarred, with ulcers and bleeding Treatment is mostly out patient Pain management Antidepressants NSAIDS Antispasmodics Interstitial Cystitis

  16. Pyelonephritis • Acute or chronic (chronic usually caused by long term UTI’s) • One or both kidneys • May be ascending or blood borne • May lead to renal failure

  17. Pyelonephritis, cont. • S/S • High fever, N/V, dysuria, severe back and flank pain, fatigue • Treatment • Antibiotics – may be long term • Antispasmodics • Analgesics

  18. Pyelonephritis, cont. • Nursing Care • Give pain RX • Assist with • ADL’s • Ensure adequate diet • Provide IV fluids and oral fluids up to 2-3 liters/day

  19. Drugs Used for Urinary Tract Disorders • Diuretics • Antihypertensives • Phosphate binders • Vitamins and mineral supplements • Antibiotics • Urinary antiseptics

More Related