1 / 22

Vitamins/Minerals Review for Midterm #3

Vitamins/Minerals Review for Midterm #3. BIOL 103. Details on your midterm!. 50 Multiple Choice questions (100 points) Short Answers Topics Chapter 9: Vitamins Chapter 10: Water and Minerals Chapter 11: Sports Nutrition Documentary Movie #1. Bring with you…. Scantron (Green)

alavine
Download Presentation

Vitamins/Minerals Review for Midterm #3

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Vitamins/Minerals Review for Midterm #3 BIOL 103

  2. Details on your midterm! • 50 Multiple Choice questions (100 points) • Short Answers • Topics • Chapter 9: Vitamins • Chapter 10: Water and Minerals • Chapter 11: Sports Nutrition • Documentary Movie #1

  3. Bring with you… • Scantron (Green) • Pencil/Eraser • 3x5 Cheat Sheet, double sided (optional) • No calculator is necessary!

  4. Chapter 9: Vitamins • Fat-soluble vs. water-soluble vitamins • Which is stored in small or large amounts? • Which is absorbed into blood or lymphatic system? • Which is more vulnerable to cooking losses?

  5. Understanding Vitamins • Food preparation affects vitamin content in food • Examples: Source, Sunlight, Moisture, Growing conditions, plant’s maturity at harvest, packaging and storage. • Enrichment vs. Fortification • Provitamins: inactive forms of vitamins

  6. Categorize & Memorize • For all of your vitamins, know: • Fat or water soluble • Active form (fat-soluble) • Main functions • Deficiency/Toxicity • Food source • Interactions with other vitamins/minerals  inhibition/absorption

  7. Fat-Soluble Vitamin Example #1 • Vitamin A/Retinol • Food source: liver, egg yolks, milk • Animals: retinoids • Plants: provitamin A carotenoids • Function: vision, cell development, immunity, bones, reproduction, skin • Deficiency: Xerophtalmia, Hyperkeratosis • Toxicity: Teratogen, Discoloration of skin

  8. Fat-Soluble Vitamin Example #2 • Vitamin K1/K2/menaquinones • Food source: Green veggies + gut bacteria • Function: Blood clotting, bone formations • Deficiency: Newborn at risk • Toxicity: may interfere with blood clotting meds

  9. Water-Soluble Vitamins • Many water-soluble vitamins act as coenzymes in energy metabolismof macronutrients or as antioxidants. • What to keep in mind: • Both their vitamin names/#s • Function • Food sources • Toxicity vs. Deficiency • Interactions with other vitamins/minerals  inhibition/absorption

  10. Water-Soluble Vitamin Examples • Thiamin/B1 • Food source: pork, seafood, nuts/seeds, grain • Functions: Coenzyme of TPP • Deficiency: Beriberi • Toxicity: None • Niacin/B3 • Food source: tryptophan from poultry • Functions: coenzyme in energy metabolism, FA synthesis • Deficiency: Pellegra (4 D’s) • Toxicity: Skin flushing, liver damage • Interaction: need B1, B6, and iron to convert to B3

  11. Homocysteine • High levels of homocysteine increases heart disease • B6/Pyridoxine • B9/Folate • B12/Cobalamin • Choline

  12. Anemia • Anemia can be caused by: • Low RBC count • Copper deficiency – may be macro or micro or normocytic… • Low amount of hemoglobin in each RBC. • Microcytic vs. Macrocytic Anemia • Microcytic hypochromic anemia: (small, pale) • B6 or iron deficiency • Macrocytic anemia: (enlarged, underdeveloped) • B9 deficiency – needed for DNA and RBC synthesis • B12 deficiency via pernicious anemia (damaged stomach linings)

  13. Water • When minerals or salts dissolve in water, they form ions (electrolytes) • Cations vs. Anions • Osmosis: diluted to concentrated • Functions of water • Dehydration/Intoxication

  14. Water Balance • Water intake/sources of water? • Water excretion: • Insensible water loss (1/4-1/2): lungs and skin • Urine • Illness • External factors (low humidity, salty foods,etc.) • Regulation: • Hormones (ADH, Aldosterone) • Is thirst a reliable?

  15. Understanding Minerals • Minerals • Inorganic • Not destroyed by heat, light, acidity, alkalinity • Micronutrients (needed in small amounts) • Grouped as: • Major minerals: Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, Mg, S • Trace minerals: Fe, Zn, Se, I, Cu, Mn, Fl, Cr, Mo • Involved in body structure and regulation

  16. Categorize and Memorize! • For all of your minerals, know: • Main functions • Deficiency/Toxicity • Food source • Interactions with other vitamins/minerals/phytates/oxalates  inhibition/absorption

  17. Minerals Example • Calcium • Main functions: bone remodeling, muscle contraction • Food source: Dairy products, green vegetables • Interactions with other vitamins/minerals  inhibition/absorption: • Enhances iron absorption • Supplemental calcium inhibit zinc absorption • Toxicity/deficiency?

  18. Blood Calcium Regulation • Calcitriol: increase calcium absorption in the intestine • Parathyroid hormone: • Activates osteoclasts to release bone calcium  increase blood calcium • Calcitonin: reduce blood calcium

  19. Absorption vs. Inhibition • Enhances Absorption: • Vitamin C  Iron • Vitamins A, C, E  Selenium • Inhibition/Competition: • Copper, Iron, Zinc, (& Calcium) • Magnesium, Calcium, Manganese (& Iron) • Copper and Molybdenum • Oxalate: Calcium + Iron • Phytates: All the minerals

  20. Relationships • Need vitamins B1, B6, and iron to convert Tryptophan to B3 • Copper & Iron • Works with ceruloplasmin, a copper-dependent enzyme required for iron transport. • Copper & Zinc • Wilson’s disease (genetic disorder that increases copper absorption) • Selenium & Iodine • Goiters: Iodine deficiency can be caused by selenium deficiency

  21. Hypothyroidism

  22. Terms I have bolded on the slides! • Heme vs. non-heme iron • Ferritin vs. Transferrin • Hemoglobin vs. Myoglobin • Osteoblast vs. Osteoclast • Hydroxyapaptite • Keshan disease • Wilson’s disease

More Related