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Rise of Islam . SSWH5: The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600CE and 1300 CE. a. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire.
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SSWH5: The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600CE and 1300 CE • a. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. • B. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. • c. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims.
a. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. • Rise of Islam • Main Idea • Religious and ethical systems: Muhammad unified the Arab people both politically and through the religion of Islam • Why it matters now • As the world’s fastest-growing major religion, Islam has a strong impact on the lives of millions today.
Muhammad • Became a trader and business manager at 25. • Angel Gabriel: Told Muhammad that he was a messenger of Allah. • Convinced he was the last of the prophets. • Taught Allah was the one and only God. • Muslim: follower of Islam • Islam:” submission to the will of Allah”
The Hijrah • Muhammad and followers migration to Medina. • He was accepted as religious/political leader. • 630, the prophet marched back to Mecca to take back the city. • Entered the city in triumph • Most Meccans pledged their loyalty to him and Allah.
5 Pillars of Islam • 1. Faith: To become a Muslim has to testify that there in no God but Allah. • 2. Prayer: 5 times a day, Muslims face toward Mecca (Sometimes at Mosque). • 3. Alms: responsibility to support the less fortunate. • 4. Fasting: During Ramadan fast between dawn and dusk. • 5. Pilgrimage: Hajj= The pilgrimage to Mecca.
Islamic Way of Life • Carrying out 5 pillars of Islam ensures they follow religion in community. • Forbidden to eat pork or drink intoxication beverages. • Expected to worship Allah directly (no priests).
Source of Authority • Allah: expressed his will through the angel Gabriel. • Qur’an: the Holy book of Muslims
B. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. • Turn to page 264 in textbook. • Trade goods Brought to Arabia: • Spices • Incense • Perfumes • Precious metals • Ivory • Silk
Muslim Trade Network • Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean • Silk Roads of China and India connect with Europe and Africa. • Banks in cities throughout the empire. • Merchants carried not just goods but ideas from the world.
c. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims. • Islam Spreads into three continents • Muslim community faces issue of leadership which would eventually dived the Muslim world • Sunni Muslims: Those who did not resist the Umayyadas. • Shia Muslims: Caliph needed to be descendent of the prophet.
Muhammad’s Successors • Abu-Bakr: Became the first caliph(successor). • Encouraged and justified the expansion of Islam. • Umar: Second caliph • Muslim armies conquered Syria and lower Egypt. • Ali/Uthman: Next two caliphs • By the end of their rule Muslim Empire stretched 6000 miles from Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River.
Internal Conflict • Ali(cousin of Muhammad)- natural successor to Uthman was assassinated. • Umayyads: family that came to power. • Moved capital to Demascus • Arab Muslims felt it was too far away from their lands. • Abandoned the simple life of previous callliphs, surrounding themselves with wealth.
