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UNITED STATES HISTORY, GPS 25, CHS. 30-34

UNITED STATES HISTORY, GPS 25, CHS. 30-34. SSUSH25 The student will describe changes in national politics since 1968.

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UNITED STATES HISTORY, GPS 25, CHS. 30-34

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  1. UNITED STATES HISTORY, GPS 25, CHS. 30-34 • SSUSH25 The student will describe changes in national politics since 1968. • a. Describe President Richard M. Nixon’s opening of China, his resignation due to the Watergate scandal, changing attitudes toward government, and the Presidency of Gerald Ford. • b. Explain the impact of Supreme Court decisions on ideas about civil liberties and civil rights; include such decisions as Roe v. Wade (1973) and the Bakke decision on affirmative action. • c. Explain the Carter administration’s efforts in the Middle East; include the Camp David Accords, his response to the 1979 Iranian Revolution, and the Iranian hostage crisis. • d. Describe domestic and international events of Ronald Reagan’s presidency; include Reaganomics, the Iran-contra scandal, and the collapse of the Soviet Union. • e. Explain the relationship between Congress and President Bill Clinton; include the North American Free Trade Agreement and his impeachment and acquittal. • f. Analyze the 2000 presidential election and its outcome, emphasizing the role of the electoral college. • g. Analyze the response of President George W. Bush to the attacks of September 11, 2001, on the United States, the war against terrorism, and the subsequent American interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq.

  2. CHANGES IN NATIONAL POLITICS, 1960S TO PRESENT

  3. 1.ROE V. WADE, 1973, , is a United States Supreme Court case that resulted in a landmark decision regarding abortion. According to the Roe decision, most laws against abortion in the United States violated a constitutional right to privacy under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. SCOTUS CASES, 1970S

  4. SCOTUS • 2. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, (1978) was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States on affirmative action. It bars quota systems in college admissions but affirms the constitutionality of affirmative action programs giving equal access to minorities. • 3.THIS CASE EXPANDED CIVIL RIGHTS.

  5. PRESIDENT RICHARD M. NIXON’S ADMINISTRATION • 1.1969-1974 • 2.PRC (CHINA) VISIT • 3.WATERGATE SCANDAL

  6. PRESIDENT NIXON AND THE PEOPLES’ REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC) • A. WHY? • 1)SCIENTIFIC, CULTURAL, AND TRADE AGREEMENTS • 2)TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF STANDOFF BETWEEN PRC AND USSR DURING COLD WAR

  7. NIXON AND PRC • U.S. President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to the People's Republic of China was an important step in formally normalizing relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. It marked the first time a U.S. president had visited the PRC, who at that time considered the U.S. one of its staunchest foes.

  8. NIXON AND PRC • Improved relations with the USSR and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) are often cited as the most successful diplomatic achievements of Nixon’s presidency.

  9. RICHARD NIXON AND MAO ZEDONG

  10. WATERGATE • The Watergate scandals were a series of Americanpolitical scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon that resulted in the indictment of several of Nixon's closest advisors, and ultimately his resignation on August 9, 1974.

  11. The scandals began with the arrest of five men for breaking and entering into the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate Office complex in Washington, D.C. on June 17, 1972. Investigations conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and later by the Senate Watergate Committee, House Judiciary Committee and the press revealed that this burglary was one of many illegal activities authorized and carried out by Nixon's staff and loyalists.

  12. PRESIDENT GERALD R. FORD’S ADMINISTRATION • 1.1974-1977 • 2.PARDONED NIXON • 3.END OF VIETNAM WAR • 4.ONLY PRESIDENT NEVER ELECTED NATIONALLY

  13. PRESIDENT JAMES E. CARTER’S ADMINISTRATION • 1. 1977-1981 • 2. PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST, CAMP DAVID ACCORDS, 1978, PEACE BETWEEN EGYPT AND ISRAEL • 3.IRANIAN REVOLUTION, 1978, IRAN REPLACED IRANIAN KING (SHAH) FRIENDLY TO USA WITH ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS LEADER UNFRIENDLY TO USA

  14. 4.CARTER ALLOWED SHAH TO ENTER USA FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT. • 5.RESULT: IRANIAN HOSTAGE CRISIS, IRANIAN ISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARIES INVADED USA EMBASSY IN TEHERAN, IRAN, AND TOOK 52 AMERICANS CAPTIVE, WHICH LASTED 444 DAYS. • 6.CAPTIVES RELEASED UNDER PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN • 7.RISE OF ANTI-AMERICAN FEELINGS IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD

  15. SHAH OF IRAN AND FAMILY

  16. RONALD REAGAN’S ADMINISTRATION

  17. PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN’S ADMINISTRATION • 1.1981-1989 • 2.DECREASED SIZE AND ROLE OF FED

  18. 3.REAGANOMICS • 1)NICKNAME FOR ECO. POLICY • 2)BUDGET AND TAX CUTS • 3)INCREASED DEFENSE SPENDING

  19. 4.IRAN-CONTRA SCANDAL 1)WEAPONS WERE SOLD TO IRAN (ENEMY OF USA) 2)MONEY FROM SALES FUNDED A REBELLION IN NICARAGUA SUPPORTED BY USA LED BY CONTRAS (COUNTER REVOLUTIONARIES) AGAINST THE SANDINISTAS

  20. The Iran-Contra affair was a political scandal which was revealed in November 1986 as a result of earlier events during the Reagan administration. It began as an operation to increase U.S.-Iranian relations, wherein Israel would ship weapons to a moderate, politically influential group of Iranians opposed to the Ayatollah Khomeini; the U.S. would reimburse Israel for those weapons and receive payment from Israel. The moderate Iranians agreed to do everything in their power to achieve the release of six U.S. hostages, who were being held by Hezbollah. The plan eventually deteriorated into an arms-for-hostages scheme, in which members of the executive branch sold weapons to Iran in exchange for the release of the American hostages, without the direct authorization of President Ronald Reagan. Large modifications to the plan were conjured by Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North of the National Security Council in late 1985. In North's plan, a portion of the proceeds from the weapon sales was diverted to fund anti-Sandinista and anti-communist rebels, or Contras, in Nicaragua. While President Ronald Reagan was a supporter of the Contra cause, there has not been any evidence uncovered showing that he authorized this plan.

  21. 5.THE COLLAPSE OF COMMUNIST USSR • 1)MIKHAIL GORBACHEV, THE LAST LEADER OF THE USSR, SET UP POLICIES ALLOWING FREEDOMS LEADING TO DEMOCRACY • 2)THESE REFORMS “SNOWBALLED” BREAKING UP THE 15 REPUBLICS WHICH COMPRISED THE USSR. • 3)REPUBLICS ARE NOW INDEPENDENT NATIONS • 4)END OF THE COLD WAR

  22. GEORGE HERBERT WALKER BUSH’S ADMINISTRATION • 1.1989-1993 • 2.SUPPORTED OPERATION DESERT STORM TO LIBERATE NATION OF KUWAIT FROM INVADING IRAQ • 3. The Persian Gulf War or Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991) was a United Nations-authorized military conflict between Iraq and a coalition force from 34 nations commissioned with expelling Iraqi forces from Kuwait after Iraq's occupation and annexation of Kuwait in August of 1990. • 4. AKA, FIRST GULF WAR

  23. 4. The majority of the military forces participating were from the United States and the United Kingdom. • 5. Aerial and ground combat was confined to Iraq, Kuwait, and bordering areas of Saudi Arabia. Iraq also launched missiles against targets in Saudi Arabia and Israel in retaliation for their support of the invading forces in Kuwait.

  24. COALITION FORCES, OPERATION DESERT STORM, 1990-1991

  25. GEORGE H.W. BUSH OPERATION DESERT STORM

  26. WILLIAM JEFFERSON “BILL” CLINTON’S ADMINISTRATION • 1.1993-2001 • 2.NAFTA, 1993, NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, FREE-TRADE ZONE (TARIFF-FREE) BETWEEN USA, CAN, MEX

  27. NAFTA, USA, MEX, CAN

  28. 3.SECOND PRESIDENT IN USA HISTORY TO BE IMPEACHED, CHARGED AND FOUND GUILTY OF PERJURY AND OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE • 1)IMPROPER USE OF MONEY FROM LAND SALE • 2)LIED UNDER OATH ABOUT IMPROPER RELATIONSHIP WITH A WHITE HOUSE INTERN-WORKER

  29. THE 2000 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION • 1.BILL CLINTON’S VICE PRESIDENT, AL GORE V. TEXAS GOVERNOR, GEORGE W. BUSH, AND 3RD PARTY CANDIDATE, RALPH NADER

  30. 2.ONE OF THE CLOSEST PRESIDENTIAL RACES IN HISTORY OF USA • 3.GORE WON POPULAR VOTE BY 500,000 VOTES BUT BUSH WON ELECTORAL VOTE • 4.R-BUSH-271, D-GORE-266…ELECTORAL VOTES

  31. The election featured a controversy over who won Florida's 25 electoral votes (and thus the presidency), the recount process in that state, and the unusual event that the losing candidate had received more popular votes than the winner.

  32. GEORGE BUSH’S ADMINISTRATION • 1.2001 TO PRESENT • 2.SEPTEMBER 11, 2001; AL-QAEDA TERRORISTS ATTACKED THE WORLD TRADE CENTER, NYC, NY

  33. The September 11 attacks (often referred to as nine-eleven, written 9/11) were a series of coordinated suicide attacks by al-Qaeda, led by Osama Bin Laden, upon the United States on September 11, 2001. On that morning, 19 Islamistterrorists affiliated with al-Qaeda hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners. The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, killing everyone on board and many others working in the building.

  34. Both buildings collapsed within two hours, destroying at least two nearby buildings and damaging others. The hijackers crashed a third airliner into the Pentagon. The fourth plane crashed into a field near Shanksville in rural Somerset County, Pennsylvania, after some of its passengers and flight crew attempted to retake control of the plane, which the hijackers had redirected toward Washington, D.C. There are no survivors from any of the flights.

  35. Excluding the 19 hijackers, 2,974 people died in the attacks. Another 24 are missing and presumed dead. The overwhelming majority of casualties were civilians, including nationals of over 90 different countries. • The United States responded to the attacks by launching a War on Terrorism, invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban, who had harbored al-Qaeda terrorists, and enacting the USA PATRIOT Act.

  36. PART OF THE PATRIOT ACT ALLOWED U.S. GOVT TO HOLD FOREIGN CITIZENS SUSPECTED OF BEING TERRORISTS UP TO 7 DAYS • ALSO ALLOWED SEARCH OF PRIVATE COMMUNICATIONS • CREATION OF HOMELAND SECURITY DEPT. IN PRESIDENT’S CABINET

  37. 3.OCT., 2001, IN RESPONSE TO TERRORIST ATTACKS, OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM • 1)INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN BY USA AND ALLIES • 2)AFGHANISTAN’S GOVT WAS LED BY TERRORIST GROUP, TALIBAN, WHICH PROTECTED AL-QAEDA. • 3)AL-QAEDA TERRORIST NETWORK WAS DESTROYED BUT OSAMA BIN LADEN ESCAPED.

  38. 4.WAR ON TERRORISM • 1)USA AND INTERNATIONAL COALITION (GROUP) OF NATIONS • 2)GOAL: DEFEAT TERRORIST GROUPS • 3)MARCH, 2003, OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM, SECOND GULF WAR

  39. The Iraq War, or the Occupation of Iraq, is an ongoingmilitary campaign which began in March, 2003, with the invasion of Iraq by a multinational force led by and composed largely of United States and United Kingdom troops. The force was supported by smaller contingents from Australia, Denmark, Poland and other nations.

  40. Prior to the war, Iraq's alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) was claimed to pose a serious and imminent threat to the security of the United States and its coalition allies.

  41. The invasion led to the quick defeat of the Iraqi military, and the eventual capture and execution of Saddam Hussein. The U.S.-led coalition occupied Iraq and attempted to establish a new democratic government; however, violence against coalition forces and among various sectarian groups soon led to warfare with the Iraqi insurgency, strife between many Sunni and Shia Iraqi groups, and al-Qaedaoperations in Iraq. Estimates of the number of Iraqis killed through 2007 range from 150,000 to more than 1,000,000.

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