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Critical Infrastructure and Hyogo Framework for Action Andrei Iatsenia Senior Advisor, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) International Conference Helsinki, 5 October 2007. www.unisdr.org. Overview. I. I. Global data and trends on “natural” disasters.

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  1. Critical Infrastructure and Hyogo Framework for Action Andrei IatseniaSenior Advisor, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR)International Conference Helsinki, 5 October 2007 www.unisdr.org

  2. Overview I I Global data and trends on “natural” disasters Global Data and trends on “natural” disasters II UN ISDR & Hyogo Framework for Action III Critical Infrastructure – the Need for Multi-stakeholder Engagement

  3. I Global Data and trends on “natural” disasters

  4. Global Hotspot study(World Bank) = lowest 40% = middle 30% = highest 20% 25 million km sq. and 3.4 billion people are relatively highly exposed to at least one natural hazard; 105 million people are relatively highly exposed to three or more hazards.

  5. “Money spent on reducing the risk of natural hazards is a sound investment. On average, a $1 investment in hazard mitigation provides the nation with $4 in future benefits.” - study of the Multihazard Mitigation Council of the USA, Dec. 2005, available at: www.nibs.org/MMC/mmchome.html) Economic Losses & Benefits of Disaster Risk Reduction (prevention and mitigation)

  6. Can sustainable development be achieved without taking into account the risk of natural hazards? Short answer: NO! Invest to prevent, mitigate, and prepare: Disaster Risk Reduction is sound investment for sustainable development Identification of hazards/vulnerability; monitoring and management of risk are integral to sustainable development.

  7. Can sustainable development be achieved without taking into account the risk of natural hazards? Short answer: NO! (cont’d) • Risks will always remain, and if we do not manage these risks well, they could lead to disasters. • Address root-causes of vulnerability: human, social, economic, environmental, scientific, technical-physical factors

  8. II The UN ISDR & The Hyogo Framework for Action

  9. Disaster Risk Reduction – An Agenda in Progress • 1989: IDNDR 1990-1999 • 1994: Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action • 2000: International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) • 2002: Johannesburg Plan of Implementation- WSSD • 2005: WCDR - Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

  10. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Launched in 2000 by UN General Assembly Resolution A/54/219 as successor of the International Decade on Natural Disaster Reduction –IDNDR, 1990-1999 - Secretariat - System (objective, instrument, vehicle)

  11. Progress in implementation of the HFA • National level : • National Platforms for DRR established in 35 countries and 5 UK territories, 105 countries designated HFA focal points, • Regional level: • Regional strategies – Asia (Beijing Plan of Action), Africa (AU/NEPAD), Europe (Council of Europe), Pacific (Madang Framework) • - Regional cooperation – ISDR Asia Partnership, collaborative centers, initiatives of drought (China), seismic risk (Iran), etc. • International level: - Engagement of different sectors i.e. environment, education, health - Engagment of more NGO actors (ActionAid, Care, Tearfund) • - Increased commitment – UN agencies, WB/GFDRR, Regional Development Banks, EC, Private Sector

  12. III Critical Infrastructure -the Need for Multi-stakeholder Engagement

  13. Why is there a need for multi-stakeholder approach to pre-disaster risk management of critical infrastructre? • Pre versus post disaster risk management • The magnifying effect of global complexity • The increasing frequency of natural disasters • Single stakeholder versus multi-stakeholder activities “While technological innovation, globalisation, the growing interdependence of critical networks, and the high concentration of populations and assets all have their well-recognised positive effects, they also dramatically increase vulnerabilities to natural, technological and terrorism hazards.” Angel Gurria (OECD Secretary General) September 2006

  14. Greenhouse effect Integration ghetto Extremism/ terrorism Adapted from:Risk Profile Switzerland, 1999 Example: The risk landscape of Switzerland Probability over the next 25 years Dependency on addictive drugs Organised crime highly probable 30% to 100% Loss of cultivated land and species Shortage of strategic goods Informationwarfare Crisis in health system Drought/ heat wave Water shortage Loss of national cohesion probable 3% to 30% Storm Use of weapons of mass destruction Earthquake Energy shortage Flood Diseases/epidemics Ageing less probable 0.3% to 3 % Chemical accident Dam collapse improbable 0.03% to 0.3% Nuclear accident highly improbable 0.003% to 0.03% Impact onSwitzerland very minor minor average major disastrous devastating Source: Swiss Re, May 2007

  15. What is needed? Risk sharing Size of loss Governments Capital markets Global reinsurance Insurers Policyholders Events minor medium large catastrophic Source: Swiss Re, May 2007

  16. Governments are exposed to a variety of risks explicitly by default as (re-)insurer of last resort Typically, losses are financed post event (emergency funding) Most governments are aware of their most prevalent exposures Some governments apply a systematic risk management process: Why is there a Risk Management Need of the Public Sector? Identification Assessment Mitigation Adaptation Source: Swiss Re, May 2007

  17. * The cost-benefit ratio of disaster mitigation is 4:1 Building a disaster resilient business will: - reduce costs - limit exposures - maintain operating continuity - protect employees, property, reputation, corporate value, and a competitive market place position. Why should the private sector care about reducing disaster risk and contribute to the Hyogo Framework of Action?

  18. Establish Multistakeholder National Platforms Revise policies and legislation to address DRR Integrate risk reduction in Overseas Development Assistance with certain percentage of humanitarian assistance going towards reducing the risk from future disasters Develop comprehensive National Plans for DRR Start risk reduction dialogues and engage communities and businesses in public-private partnerships to reduce shared risks. Way Forward for National Governments

  19. "Climate change is expected to cause more severe and more frequent natural hazards. As our cities and coasts grow more vulnerable, these hazards can lead to disasters that are far worse than those we have seen to date. We have a moral, social and economic obligation to build resilience by 2015. Implementing the Hyogo Framework for Action will also help us reach the Millennium Development Goals." Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2007

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