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Understanding the Nervous System and Brain Anatomy

Dive into the intricate structures of the nervous system, from neurons to brain lobes, and explore functions such as reflex arcs and sensory processing. Learn about cranial nerves, spinal cord divisions, and sensory organs.

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Understanding the Nervous System and Brain Anatomy

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  1. Multipolar Neuron Reflex Arc sensory (afferent) neuron receptor dendrites cell body interneuron effector motor (efferent) neuron axon node of Ranvier Nissl bodies ] axon terminals axon hillock Schwann cell

  2. Neuroglia Cells capillary neuron microglial cell axon astrocyte myelin sheath ependymal cells oligodendrocyte Schwann cell satellite cells unipolar neuron

  3. SurfaceBrain central sulcus precentral (motor) gyrus postcentral (sensory) gyrus frontal lobe parietal lobe lateral sulcus occipital lobe temporal lobe transverse fissure cerebellum pons medulla oblongata spinal cord gyrus cerebral cortex (gray matter) sulcus white matter fissure

  4. Midsagittal Brain third ventricle corpus callosum intermediate mass fornix choroid plexus thalamus pineal gland corpora quadrigemina hypothalamus cerebral aqueduct pituitary gland arbor vitae fourth ventricle pons cerebellum medulla oblongata spinal cord

  5. Spinal Cord posterior median sulcus gray commissure posterior column posterior horn white matter anterior horn anterior column lateral horn lateral column dorsal root ganglia spinal nerve central canal dorsal root anterior median fissure ventral root pia mater arachnoid mater dura mater

  6. Spinal Cord cervical nerves - 8 pairs cervical enlargement thoracic nerves - 12 pairs lumbar enlargement conus medullaris lumbar nerves - 5 pairs cauda equina filum terminale sacral nerves - 5 pairs coccygeal nerve - 1pair

  7. Cranial Nerves frontal lobe olfactory bulb I olfactory tract temporal lobe optic nerve optic chiasma mammillary bodies optic tract infundibulum III Oculomotor VII Facial IV Trochlear VIII Vestibulocochlear V Trigeminal IX Glossopharyngeal VI Abducens X Vagus cerebellum XI Accessory medulla oblongata XII Hypoglossal

  8. Leg Nerves lumbar plexus brachial plexus sacral plexus femoral nerve sciatic nerve radial nerve Arm Nerves obturator nerve tibial erve ulnar nerve median nerve

  9. superior oblique Nerve Anatomy superior rectus lateral rectus Axon Schwann cell cornea endoneurium perineurium optic nerve inferior oblique inferior rectus epineurium Eye Anatomy fascicle blood vessels

  10. Olfactory Anatomy frontal lobe olfactory tract olfactory tract olfactory bulb nasal conchae cribriform plate olfactory nerve filaments route of inhaled air olfactory receptor cell (bipolar neuron) olfactory epithelium supporting cell mucus olfactory cilia route of inhaled air

  11. Gustatory Structure Taste Bud taste fibers of cranial nerve gustatory hair taste pore circumvallate papillae gustatory receptor cell supporting cell fungiform papillae taste bud

  12. Internal Eye sclera ciliary body choroid coat suspensory ligaments retina cornea macula lutea Iris fovea centralis pupil optic nerve anterior cavity aqueous humor lens optic disc posterior cavity/vitreous humor

  13. Ear Structure middle ear external ear Inner ear malleus semicircular canals ampullae auditory ossicles incus vestibule stapes vestibular nerve cochlear nerve external auditory meatus cochlea tympanic membrane oval window Auditory (Eustachian) canal round window

  14. Cochlear Structure tectorial membrane tectorial membrane scala vestibuli cochlear duct receptors (hair cells) organ of Corti cochlear nerve basilar membrane basilar membrane scala tympani

  15. Pineal gland Endocrine Glands Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Thymus Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovaries Testes

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