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Anthrax

Anthrax. References What You Need to Know http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/needtoknow.asp Frequently Asked Questions http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/faq/ Questions & Answers: RISK http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/faq/risk.asp. Epidemiology of the Disease. Bacillus anthracis.

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Anthrax

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  1. Anthrax

  2. References What You Need to Know http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/needtoknow.asp Frequently Asked Questions http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/faq/ Questions & Answers: RISK http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/faq/risk.asp

  3. Epidemiology of the Disease

  4. Bacillus anthracis

  5. Free Spores Endospore

  6. Bacillus anthracis in Skin Lesion

  7. Worldwide Geographic Distribution of Anthrax

  8. Classic Eschar of Cutaneous Anthrax

  9. Inhalational anthrax First, flu-like illness May resolve briefly Recrudescence is often rapidly fatal Antibiotic late in illness cannot reverse toxins Early cultures not revealing Cutaneous Anthrax Skin lesion first Lower mortality Gastrointestinal anthrax undercooked meat of ill animals Diarrhea, bloody DilemmasWe Face

  10. for Diagnosed Cases

  11. Treatment for Exposed, Unvaccinated Individuals • Penicillins • Tetracyclines • Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin

  12. Anthrax Toxin • Lethal mode of action due to: • Oxygen depletion • Secondary shock • Increased vascular permeability • Which lead to respiratory and cardiac failure

  13. Anthrax Toxin (cont’d) • Mediated by a temperature sensitive plasmid, pX01 • Three components (each a thermolabile protein) • Factor 1- Edema factor (EF) • Factor II- Protective antigen (PA) • Factor III - Lethal factor (LF)

  14. Anthrax Toxin (cont’d) • PA + LF Lethal activity • EF + PA Edema • EF + LF Inactive • PA + LF + EF Edema, necrosis and death

  15. Disinfection after Attack • Vegetative form • 0.05% Hypochlorite solution (Chlorox) • (one Tbsp bleach/gal. of water) • Spores • Steam sterilization • Boiling for 30 min • Chlorine dioxide • Perhaps some gases

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