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Needs of Special Populations

Needs of Special Populations Andra H. James MD, MPH Comprehensive Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center & Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Duke University Medical Center Special Needs of Women Contraception Birth control pills increase the risk of thrombosis 3 to 4-fold

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Needs of Special Populations

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  1. Needs of Special Populations Andra H. James MD, MPH Comprehensive Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center & Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Duke University Medical Center

  2. Special Needs of Women • Contraception • Birth control pills increase the risk of thrombosis 3 to 4-fold • Patches expose women to 60% more estrogen • Progestin-only contraceptives do not increase the risk • Menopausal symptoms • Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases the risk of clots • Progestin, in doses to treat abnormal bleeding increases the risk 5 to 6-fold • Heavy menstrual bleeding • May affect half of women on anticoagulants • Hemorrhagic ovarian cysts

  3. Special Needs of Pregnant Women • Women on warfarin must convert to heparin • Women with a history of thrombosis will require heparin during pregnancy and for at least 6 weeks postpartum • Women with thrombophilia are at risk for poor pregnancy outcome • Women with thrombophilia and a history of poor pregnancy outcome will likely require heparin • Women with thrombophilia but no history of thrombosis or poor pregnancy outcome do not require anticoagulation.

  4. Thromboses in Unborn Babies • Vascular disruptions • Renal veins • Vena cavae • Cerebral venous sinuses • Umbilical veins • Placental vessels

  5. Thromboses in Infants • 80% catheter-related • Lines in upper body • Lines in umbilical vein • 20% spontaneous • Renal veins • Cerebral veins • Treat with anticoagulants or thrombolysis • Neonatal purpura fulminans

  6. Special Needs of Children • The coagulation system changes with age • High circulatory demands • Different illnesses and different medications • Inability to cooperate • Intravenous access • No pediatric formulations of any anticoagulants • No liquid warfarin or pediatric doses of pre-filled syringes • Different diets and formulas contain different amounts of vitamin K • Different level of understanding • Dependent on their parents

  7. Assembling a Team to Meet the Needs of Individuals • No specialist for venous thromboembolism • Community hematologists devote 90% of their time to cancer patients • The ideal team: • Expert in coagulation • Pharmacist knowledgeable in anticoagulation • Nurse to educate the patient • Primary provider

  8. Assembling a Team to Meet the Needs of Families • Young adults and children with spontaneous DVT or PE often have thrombophilia • Questions arise regarding: • Whom to test • Whom to treat • Ideal team includes a knowledgeable genetic counselor

  9. Creating a Center that Meets the Needs of the Community • Consultative services for inpatients and outpatients • Direct care in complex cases • Coagulation laboratory support • Educational materials for patients • Continuing medical education • Websites • Protocols • Publications

  10. Meeting the Needs of the Nation • Spyropoulos and Haire described the Clinical Thrombosis Center • Needs of special populations were not considered • In 2001, the CDC initiated a pilot program of thrombophilia centers to: • Determine the value of a multi-disciplinary team in providing care to persons with coagulation disorders. • Assess unmet needs and identify outreach strategies to improve access to care. • Develop effective messages aimed at disease management and prevention. • Foster the development of training programs to enhance provider skills. • 8 receiving funding, networking and modeling care

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