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Road Safety and Its Measurement. What is road safety?Road safety crosses multiple areasStakeholders of highway safety Present issuesSafety Management SystemObjective, perceived, and nominal safety Measures of safety. Road Safety. When is a road considered safe? Basic facts about road safety.
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2. Road Safety and Its Measurement What is road safety?
Road safety crosses multiple areas
Stakeholders of highway safety
Present issues
Safety Management System
Objective, perceived, and nominal safety
Measures of safety
3. Road Safety When is a road considered safe?
Basic facts about road safety
4. Hadden’s MatrixRoad safety crosses multiple areas
5. Stakeholders of Road Safety Legislature (funding, safety law and regulations)
Government (overseeing)
Road administration (road safety management)
Bureau of motor vehicles (safety through proper licensing)
Police (crash data, enforcement)
Public research agencies (knowledge enhancement)
Auto industry (observance of safety regulations, competition)
Highway industry (safe road construction)
Freight industry (safe trucks operation)
Railroad industry (safe railway construction and operation)
Insurance industry (reduce crash costs)
Emergency medical services (reduce crash consequences)
Private consultants (research, analysis, service)
Citizens coalitions (lobbying for safety improvements)
6. Organizations Involved in Road Safety United States Department of Transportation American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
National Association of Governors Highway Safety Representatives (NAGSHR)
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS)
American Automobile Association (AAA) Traffic Safety Foundation
American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA)
American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)
National Safety Council (NSC)
Bicycle Federation of America
American Trucking Association (ATA)
Transportation Research Board (TRB)
American Road and Transportation Builders Association (ARTBA)
Roadway Safety Federation (RSF)
American Traffic Safety Services Association (ATSSA)
7. Safety Emphases Drivers - curbing aggressive driving, reducing impaired driving, keeping drivers alert, increasing driver safety awareness, seat belt usage, aging drivers
Special Users - pedestrians and bicyclists
Vehicles - motorcycle and commercial truck safety, vehicle safety enhancements (antilock brake systems)
Highways - vehicle-train crashes, highway intersection design and operation, head-on and across-median crashes, and work zones
Emergency Medical Services - increase survivability of crash victims
Management - gathering and analyzing crash data
8. Safety Emphases Highways
Reducing Vehicle-Train Crashes
Keeping Vehicles on the Roadway
Minimizing the Consequences of Leaving the Road
Improving the Design and Operation of Highway Intersections
Reducing Head-on and Across-median Crashes
Designing Safer Work Zones
Management
Improving Information and Decision Support Systems
Creating More Effective Processes and Safety Management Systems
9. Safety Management System 1991 ISTEA required SMS from state DOTs
1997 TEA-21 - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century doesn’t require SMS
SMS developed by some states anyway
Florida http://www.dot.state.fl.us/safety/SMS/SMS.htm
North Carolina http://www.doh.dot.state.nc.us/preconstruct/traffic/safety/
10. Safety Management System Cycle
11. Safety Management SystemDecision-making Process Identify highway hazard
Determine causes
Determine countermeasures
Develop safety projects
Select projects for implementation
Evaluate projects effectiveness
12. Objective, perceived, and nominal safety Objective safety – measured with crashes
Perceived safety – felt by motorists
Nominal safety – measured with compliance to design and operational safety standards
13. Measures of Safety Expected crash frequencies (crash/year)
Expected crash rates (crash/unit exposure)
Example unit exposures http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/ncsa (used by Fatality Analysis Reporting System)
100,000,000 vehicle-miles traveled (VMT)
100,000 registered vehicles
100,000 licensed drivers
14. Measures of Safetyhttp://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/ncsa
15. Measures of Safetyhttp://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/ncsa