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When YOU Teach Research INSPIRED Teaching @Your Education Library. Your Research Experiences. What types of research assignments did you experience in elementary and secondary school?
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When YOU Teach ResearchINSPIRED Teaching@Your Education Library
Your Research Experiences • What types of research assignments did you experience in elementary and secondary school? • Research tells us that “knowledge telling” (looking up general topics) often replaces true research assignments at this level. (See Loertscher – Ban those bird units, on reserve, ZA3075 .L64 2005) • What happens when you google a general topic?
Where is research in the Ontario curriculum? • All Ministry guidelines include a section outlining Inquiry objectives for each grade and subject. • Information Studies Kindergarten to Grade 12 (Ontario School Library Association) compiles these inquiry skills in 3 strands: inquiry/research skills, technology skills, and metaskills applied in the information and society context See http://www.accessola.com/osla/index.html >> Choose OSLA documents
Grade 4: Medieval Times Inquiry/Research and Communication Skills: • Formulate questions to guide research • Use primary and secondary sources (e.g. primary: artefacts, field trips; secondary: atlases, encyclopedias, books, illustrations, videos, CDs, websites) • Use graphic organizers to summarize information (e.g. pyramid, circle chart, timelines, comparison charts) • Draw, label, and read maps; create models • Use oral presentations, written notes, and drawings to communication information (Ontario Curriculum Social Studies 1 to 6, 2004, p. 28)
Grade 11: World History to the 16th Century Research • Formulate significant questions to guide research • Conduct organized research using a variety of sources including primary, secondary, AV, websites • Organize research findings using a variety of methods (e.g. note taking, graphs, charts, maps, diagrams) Interpretation and Analysis • Distinguish bias, lack of substantiation in statements, arguments, and opinions;compare interpretations; identify and describe relationships; draw conclusions; develop thesis supported by effective research (Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12, Canadian and World Studies, 2000, p. 132)
Grade 11: World History to the 16th Century Communication • Use a variety of styles (e.g. essays, simulations, multimedia presentations) • Use an accepted form of academic documentation (e.g. footnotes, bibliographies, appendices) • Express opinions and conclusions clearly and articulately Creativity, Collaboration, and Independence • Demonstrate ability to think creatively • Use time-management strategies • Work independently and collaboratively (Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12, Canadian and World Studies, 2000, p. 132)
Information Studies K-12 • Outlines stages of research • Describes expectations for each grade
Apply to Grade 4: Castle Life • Stage 1: Prepare for Research • Step 1: Define topic • Research shows that students do well when they have authentic research tasks, are personally interested in their question, and learn to track and think about the process of research • Brainstorm with class for questions that interest them – not a general topic
Examples of Questions What was the kitchen like and what did they eat? What type of clothing did they wear? What were castle defenses like? What happened when people got sick? What kind of music did they play? How did parents discipline their children? What were the washing and bathroom facilities like?
Where did it come from What types of meals Nutrition Food Feasts How were foods prepared Grade 4: Castle Life • Stage 1: Prepare for Research • Step 2: Explore information using group activities • Formulate questions to guide research • What would you be looking for on the question about the kitchen and food? • Brainstorm • Concept map
Grade 4: Castle Life • Stage 1: Prepare for Research • Step 3: Identify ways of organizing information • What are the steps in research? • How to take notes • How to keep track of resources • How to scan for information • How to record web addresses
Appearance People Utensils Kitchen Equipment Grade 4: Castle Life • Stage 1: Prepare for Research • Step 4: Relate prior knowledge to task • What do you already know about this topic? Think about stories you’ve read and movies and pictures you’ve seen. • Brainstorm • Concept map
Encyclopedias Community People Sources Books Magazines Pictures Newspapers Web Videos Grade 4: Castle Life • Stage 2: Accessing Information • Step 1: Locate sources • Brainstorm on types of resources and identify those that would have this type of information
Grade 4: Castle Life • Stage 2: Accessing Information • Step 2: Select information on using variety of strategies • Learn what the card catalogue is for and the meaning of Dewey numbers • Select information tools using keywords and subject headings • Learn to scan text for keywords • Identify appropriate reference tools – atlases, encyclopedias, dictionaries
Grade 4: Castle Life • Stage 2: Accessing Information • Step 3: Gather information • Work with teacher-librarian and model use of each tool • How books are organized – table of contents, index, chapter headings • Using encylopedias – separate index, references • Using dictionaries – layout and page identification • Using online catalogues • Searching the web – techniques with Google
Grade 4: Castle Life • Stage 2: Accessing Information • Step 4: Collaborate and share • What techniques work well? • What do you do when you can’t find anything? • Compare journals to track information – what works best for note taking and record keeping?
Grade 11: Medieval Life topic • Stage 1: Prepare for Research • Step 1: Define topic as a question • What were the effects of the Black Death in a local castle and community? • What role did women play in medieval society?
Grade 11: Medieval Life topic • Stage 3: Processing Information • Step 1: Analyse and evaluate information • Analyse validity of arguments by examining primary and secondary resources • Construct logical statements to test validity of arguments • Judge if conclusion follows the argument
Grade 11: Medieval Life topic • Stage 3: Processing Information • Step 2: Test ideas to adjust research and problem solving strategies • Step 3: Sort information using organizers • Step 4: Synthesize findings and evaluate conclusions
Grade 11: Medieval Life topic • Stage 4: Transfer Learning • Step 1: Revise product for specific purpose, audience, format • Step 2: Present research findings • Step 3: Reflect and evaluate research product • and process • Step 4: Transfer information skills to address future problems and research questions
Use Learning Objects to Teach Inquiry • Look to your library website http://www.tdsb.on.ca/libraries/links.asp?schoolNo=6250&catId=22 • Collect learning objects: Your Quote It, You Note It: http://library.acadiau.ca/tutorials/plagiarism/