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Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases corrupt our healthy immune system and make them attack healthy cells.<br>Most are degenerative and life-threatening.

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Autoimmune Diseases

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  1. What are autoimmune diseases? • Autoimmune diseases corrupt our healthy immune system and make them attack healthy cells. • Most are degenerative and life-threatening.

  2. Types of Autoimmune Diseases

  3. Autoimmune diseases of joints and muscles Rheumatoid Arthritis • Immune system attacks the joints • Symptoms: soreness, stiffness, redness, and warmth in joints Psoriasis • Skin cells multiply at a rapid pace leading to extra build-up • Symptoms: inflamed, red/purple patches with silver white/brown/gray scales all over the body 30% of psoriasis patients also experience swelling, stiffness, and pain in their joints. This condition is called psoriatic arthritis.

  4. Autoimmune diseases of joints and muscles Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) • Affects joints, kidneys, heart, brain, among other organs • Earliest symptoms: Rashes Sjörgen’s Syndrome • Affects glands that secrete lubrication for the eyes and mouth • Symptoms: Dry mouth, dry eyes, dry skin, muscle/joint pain, rashes, fatigue, vaginal dryness

  5. Autoimmune diseases of the nervous system Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) • Disrupts nerve impulses that help the brain to control muscle and movement • Symptoms: Drooping eyelids, speech trouble, dysphagia, double vision, limb weakness, inability to hold neck up Multiple Sclerosis • Attacks the central nervous system by damaging the myelin sheath • Symptoms: Fatigue, vision problems, numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, osteoporosis

  6. Autoimmune diseases of the skin Dermatomyositis • Affects skin and weakens muscle • Type of myopathy • Leads to severe respiratory problems • Symptoms: Dysphagia, reddish purple skin, shortness of breath, stiffness, weakness, soreness Psoriasis (refer to slide 4)

  7. Autoimmune diseases of the digestive tract Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) • Inflammation along the lining the intestinal wall • Symptoms: Diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, fever, weight loss, anaemia, abdominal pain, malnutrition and delayed growth (in children) Crohn’s disease - inflammation along any part of the GI tract (from mouth to anus) Ulcerative colitis - inflammation along the lining of the large intestine and rectum Celiac Disease • Attacks small intestine • Triggered by gluten • Symptoms: Diarrhoea/ constipation, recurrent stomach ache, cramping, bloating, anaemia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, folic acid deficiency

  8. Autoimmune diseases of the endocrine system Graves’ Disease • Attacks the thyroid gland • Results in hyperthyroidism • Symptoms: Mood swings, fatigue, irregular heartbeat, weight loss, profuse sweating, frequent bowel movements Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis • Slows down the secretion of thyroid hormone • Leads to hypothyroidism • Symptoms: Mild weight gain, constipation, dry skin, lethargy, joint stiffness, muscle pain, bradycardia

  9. Autoimmune diseases of the endocrine system Addison’s Disease • Attacks the adrenaline glands • Disrupts production of cortisol, aldosterone, and androgen hormones • Symptoms: Lethargy, muscle weakness, irritability, unintentional weight loss, salt cravings, increased thirst Other autoimmune diseases: Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmune Vasculitis: Caused by inflammation that narrows veins and arteries Pernicious Anaemia: Disturbs stomach’s lining, leads to vitamin B12 deficiency

  10. Risk factors of autoimmune diseases • Family history • Smoking • Exposure to toxins • Obesity • Side effects of certain medications • Being female - nearly 78% of autoimmune disease patients are women • Already having one type of autoimmune disease

  11. Diagnosing autoimmune diseases Based on your symptoms, age, and medical history, the following tests may be advised by your neurologist • Antinuclear Antibody Test (ANA) • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) • Complete Blood Count (CBC)

  12. Stem cell therapy for autoimmune diseases Mesenchymal stem cells’ (MSCs) immunomodulatory, tissue-protective and repair-promoting properties have helped improve the quality of life of patients with autoimmune conditions, manage their symptoms, and also regulate the immune system. Plexus uses either autologous mesenchymal cells or cord cells depending upon the patient's condition. To know more, reach out to us today. WhatsApp +91 89048 42087 Call +91 78159 64668 (Hyderabad) | +91 82299 99888 (Bangalore)

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