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Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis PPT.pptx

The most common misconception, and one that can lead to an incorrect diagnosis, is that any attack on the central nervous system (CNS) and demyelination is a sign of acute multiple sclerosis (MS).<br>

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Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis PPT.pptx

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  1. Multiple Sclerosis - Differential Diagnosis • The most common misconception, and one that can lead to an incorrect diagnosis, is that any attack on the central nervous system (CNS) and demyelination is a sign of acute multiple sclerosis (MS). • There are other illnesses and disorders that can have symptoms similar to those of MS. Before we explore these differential diagnoses, let us first understand MS and its accompanying symptoms.

  2. What is Multiple Sclerosis? Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune, neurodegenerative and inflammatory condition that attacks the CNS. It impairs and corrupts the immune system and causes it to attack the body’s own tissues. In clinical terms, MS is a demyelinating disorder of the CNS, caused by breakage in the myelin sheath (a thin layer covering the axons of the neuron). When the myelin along with the nerve fibers are attacked and destroyed, scar tissue disrupts the communication routes between the central nervous system (CNS) and the rest of the body.

  3. Signs and symptoms of MS MS’ symptoms may vary from person to person and also depend on which nerve signals have been affected as the condition progresses. The most known symptoms of MS are: • Fatigue • Abnormal sensations like numbness, tingling • Dysesthesia (Painful sensations while carrying out everyday tasks) • Allodynia (Feeling pain when you touch things that wouldn’t ordinarily cause pain) • Double vision or blurry vision • Muscle issues • Loss of bladder control • Depression • Cognitive impairment

  4. Arriving at an MS diagnosis MS can be diagnosed by symptomatology, MRI findings, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) analysis, and Visual Evoked Response (VER). These can help determine how far the disorder has advanced and can also influence further course of action. In order to arrive at an MS diagnosis, it is important that your physician rule out all other kinds of disorders that exhibit similar symptoms.

  5. Disorders that mimic the symptoms of MS > CNS infections • CNS syphilis • Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) • Lyme disease • HIV > Autoimmune/inflammatory conditions • Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) • Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) • Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG)-related demyelination • Sjogren’s Syndrome • CNS lupus • Sarcoidosis • Behçet’s disease • CNS vasculitis

  6. > Vascular conditions • Small vessel disease • Stroke • Susac syndrome • CADASIL • Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLAS) > Metabolic conditions • Vitamin B12 deficiency • Copper deficiency • Mitochondrial disease • Leukodystrophies Other conditions include CNS lymphoma and Paraneoplastic myelopathy.

  7. Diagnosing MS without the requisite set of tests can have devastating repercussions. Imagine being treated for something you don’t have while your actual condition goes undiagnosed and untreated.

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