Standard Addressed: 11.7 Students analyze America’s participation in World War II.

1. Standard Addressed: 11.7 Students analyze America’s participation in World War II. Lesson Objectives: Section 4 - The Impact of War (Home Front ) • 1. Describe the economic and social changes that reshaped American life during World War II. • 2. Summarize both the opportunities and the discrimination African Americans and other minorities experienced during the war.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

3. PRIVATE SNAFU • TRAINING FILMS

4. SECTION 4: THE HOME FRONT • The war provided a lift to the U.S. economy • Jobs were abundant and despite rationing and shortages, people had money to spend • By the end of the war, America was the world’s dominant economic and military power

5. SECTION 4 The Home Front Opportunity and Adjustment • Economic Gains • Defense industries boom, unemployment falls to 1.2% in 1944 • - average pay rises 10% during war Continued . . . NEXT

6. ECONOMIC GAINS • Unemployment fell to only 1.2% by 1944 and wages rose 35% • Farmers too benefited as production doubled and income tripled

15. A – How did World War II cause the U.S. population to shift? • In towns and cities with defense plants, population increased. • African American left the South for factory jobs in the North and West.

16. GR:The Impact of the War

17. SECTION 4 The Home Front Opportunity and Adjustment • Economic Gains • Farmers prosper from rising crop prices, increase in production • - many pay off mortgages Continued . . . NEXT

20. The Impact of the War

21. B – How did the war affect families and personal lives? • During the war, mothers became single parents and women took jobs outside the home. • The war helped create new families.

22. SECTION 4 continuedOpportunity and Adjustment • Population Shifts • War triggers mass migrations to towns with defense industries NEXT

23. POPULATION SHIFTS • The war triggered the greatest mass migration in American history • More than a million newcomers poured into California between 1941-1944 • African Americans again shifted from south to north

25. The Impact of the War

26. SECTION 4 continuedOpportunity and Adjustment • Percentage of women in work force rises to 35% NEXT

27. WOMEN MAKE GAINS • Women enjoyed economic gains during the war, although many lost their jobs after the war • Over 6 million women entered the work force for the first time • Over 1/3 were in the defense industry

30. The Impact of the War

31. SECTION 4 continuedOpportunity and Adjustment • Social Adjustments • Families adjust to fathers in military; mothers rear children alone • Families must get to know each other again after fathers return • Many couples rush to marry before husband goes overseas • 1944 GI Bill of Rights or Servicemen’s Readjustment Act: • - pays education; loan guarantees for homes, new businesses NEXT

32. GI BILL HELPS RETURNING VETS • To help returning servicemen ease back into civilian life, Congress passed the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (GI Bill of Rights) • The act provided education for 7.8 million vets

33. The Impact of the War

34. SECTION 4 Discrimination and Reaction Civil Rights Protests • Racial tensions rise in overcrowded Northern cities James Farmer founds Congress of Racial Equality(CORE) - works on racial segregation in North • 1943 racial violence sweeps across country; Detroit riots worst case NEXT

35. James Farmer founds Congress of Racial Equality(CORE)

37. The Impact of the War

38. SECTION 4 Discrimination and Reaction • Tension in Los Angeles • Anti-Mexican zoot suit riots involve thousands servicemen, civilians NEXT

39. ZOOT SUIT • A zoot suit is a men's suit with high-waisted, wide-legged, tight-cuffed, pegged trousers, and a long coat with wide lapels and wide padded shoulders. • This style of clothing became popular within the African American, Chicano and Italian American communities during the 1940s.

40. The Zoot Suit Riots were a series of riots in 1943 during World War II that broke out in Los Angeles, California, between Anglo American sailors and Marines stationed in the city and Latino youths, who were recognizable by the zoot suits they favored. • Mexican Americans and military servicemen were the main parties in the riots, and some African American and Filipino/Filipino American youths were involved as well.

41. The Zoot Suit Riots were in part the effect of the infamous Sleepy Lagoon murder trial which followed the death of a young Latino man in a barrio near Los Angeles. • The incident triggered similar attacks against Latinos in • Beaumont, Texas; • Chicago; • San Diego; • Oakland, California; • Detroit; • Evansville, Indiana; • Philadelphia; and • New York.

45. Amelia Venegas Pachuca • arrested for carrying brass knuckles during the Zoot Suit riot summer of 1943 in Los Angeles • 22 year old Venegas, a wife of a sailor (fighting overseas), • was going to the store with a baby in her arms to get some milk

47. C – What caused the race riots in the 1940’s? • Discrimination, racism, concentration of minorities in cities.

48. The Impact of the War

49. SECTION 4 Internment of Japanese Americans • Japanese Americans Placed in Internment • Camps • Hawaii governor forced to order internment(confinement) of Japanese • 1942 FDR signs removal of Japanese Americans in four states • U.S. Army forces 110,000 Japanese Americans into prison camps • 1944 Korematsu v. United States—Court rules in favor of internment • After war, Japanese American Citizens League pushes for compensation • 1988, Congress grants $20,000 to everyone sent to relocation camp NEXT

50. INTERNMENT OF JAPANESE AMERICANS • When the war began, 120,000 Japanese Americans lived in the U.S. – mostly on the West Coast • After Pearl Harbor, many people were suspicious of possible spy activity by Japanese Americans • In 1942, FDR ordered Japanese Americans into 10 relocation centers Japanese Americans felt the sting of discrimination during WWII