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Women in Comparative Politics Dr. Carrie Liu Currier c.currier@tcu.edu

Women in Comparative Politics Dr. Carrie Liu Currier c.currier@tcu.edu. Representation issues Cultural/Social dilemmas. One of the big obstacles… suffrage. 1893 New Zealand 1915 Denmark [ same year as men ] 1918 British women (over 30 until 1928), USSR

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Women in Comparative Politics Dr. Carrie Liu Currier c.currier@tcu.edu

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  1. Women in Comparative PoliticsDr. Carrie Liu Currierc.currier@tcu.edu

    Representation issues Cultural/Social dilemmas
  2. One of the big obstacles… suffrage 1893 New Zealand 1915 Denmark [same year as men] 1918 British women (over 30 until 1928), USSR 1920 US women [50 years after men] 1929-30’s – Latin American states (Ecuador, then Brazil, Argentina, Chile) 1931 South African women [whites only, colored in 1984, black in 1994] 1944 French women [96 years after men] 1947 Mexico 1949 China 1958 Nigeria (Southern), 1978 Northern 1963 Iran 1971 Switzerland [123 years after men] 2006 UAE
  3. Representation Challenges Plagued by stereotypes: emotional-rational, butter-guns Family obligations keep them out (time/image) Restrictions on holding office How many women are currently in executive positions as heads of state/govt?
  4. The number = 18 + 3 queens Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner (Pres – Argentina) PratibhaPatil (Pres– India) TarjaHalonen (Pres – Finland) MichelineCalmy-Ray (Pres – Switzerland) Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf (Pres – Liberia) Mary McAleese(Pres – Ireland) Dalia Grybauskaite (Pres – Lithuania) Laura Chinchilla (Pres – Costa Rica) RozaOtunbaeva (Pres – Kyrgyzstan) DilmaRoussef (Pres – Brazil) Angela Merkel (Chancellor – Germany) AtifeteJahjaga (Pres – Kosovo) Sheikh Hasina(PM – Bangladesh) JóhannaSigurðardóttir (PM – Iceland) JadrankaKosor (PM – Croatia) KamlaPersad-Bissessar (PM – Trinidad & Tobago) Julia Gillard (PM – Australia) IvetaRadičová (PM– Slovakia) Queen Elizabeth II (Head of state – UK) Queen Margrethe II (Head of state – Denmark) Queen Beatrix (Head of state – Netherlands)
  5. Legislative representation – lower house (2011) Rwanda 56.3% Sweden 45%, Finland 42.5, Denmark 38 Cuba 43% Argentina 38.5% Mozambique 39.2% Mexico 26.2% China 21.3% UK 22% US…16.7% Russia 14% Nigeria 7% Iran 2.8% Kyrgyzstan 0% Only 30 states with 25%+ representation of women
  6. Boosting representation…quota laws! Reservedseats in parliament 1990s democratic states vs. fall of communism National Candidate laws… 12 Latin American states (incl. Mexico 1996), 20-40% of candidates in national elections 1999 France 40% local/national Party quotas Mandatory and voluntary, even on #/% of candidates running Bosnia-Herzegovina 30% required of parties
  7. Cultural & Social Dilemmas Cultural rights vs. women’s rights FGM (Nigeria – common, UK – immigrant issue) Arranged marriages, “dowry” murders, child brides Honor killings Shar’ia Veiling Education Healthcare Physical separation Population policies
  8. Bride searching
  9. The numbers – Profits $3-5000 USD/day Race, age, location, clientele $500-1000 per delivery $215,000+ for managing Less than ¼ may reach the women Service: average 20+/day In Thailand there are more brothels than schools
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