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Objectives

Objectives. Finish duct systems Learn about plumbing systems Discuss your question relate to HW4 Introduce some project topics. Hydronic Terms. Head loss Open-loop vs. closed loop. Head Loss. Fittings. Pumps. Driving force to move air water in buildings Raise pressure and produce flow

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Objectives

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  1. Objectives • Finish duct systems • Learn about plumbing systems • Discuss your question relate to HW4 • Introduce some project topics

  2. Hydronic Terms • Head loss • Open-loop vs. closed loop

  3. Head Loss

  4. Fittings

  5. Pumps • Driving force to move air water in buildings • Raise pressure and produce flow • One main type • Centrifugal

  6. Pump curves • NPSHR = Net Positive Suction Head Required

  7. Plumbing Arrangements

  8. Project • Design problem • …. • Research problem • ….

  9. Couple chiller and cooling tower Cooling tower TCTS TCTR Weather parameters P - Find COP for several weather condition • Use nonlinear equation solution methods TCWS TCWR Q

  10. HVAC Control Economizer (fresh air volume flow rate control) fresh air damper filter cooling coil heating coil filter steam humidifier fan mixing

  11. Mixture 3 DPTSP Set Point (SP) Mixture 2 Mixture 1 DBTSP Sequence of operation(ECJ research facility) Control logic: Mixture in zone 1: IF (( TM<TSP) & (DPTM<DPTSP) ) heating and humidifying Heater control: IF (TSP>TSA) increase heating or IF (TSP<TSA) decrease heating Humidifier: IF (DPTSP>DPTSA) increase humidifying or IF (DPTSP<DPTSA) decrease humid. Mixture in zone 2: IF ((TM>TSP) & (DPTM<DPTSP) ) cooling and humidifying Cool. coil cont.: IF (TSP<TSA) increase cooling or IF (TSP>TSA) decrease cooling Humidifier: IF (DPTSP>DPTSA) increase humidifying or IF (DPTSP<DPTSA) decrease hum. Mixture in zone 3: IF ((DPTM>DPTSP) ) cooling/dehumidifying and reheatin Cool. coil cont.: IF (DPTSP>DPTSA) increase cooling or IF (DPTSP<DPTSA) decrease cooling Heater control: IF (TSP>TSA) increase heating or IF (TSP<TSA) decrease heating

  12. Fan Biomedical Engineering (BME) Building Duct Optimization Ducts Supply Return In-Take air Exhaust

  13. Life Cycle Cost Analysis • Engineering economics Option A Option B

  14. Enthalpy wheel

  15. VAV Example • One system • Multiple Spaces/Zones - VAV box for each space/zone • http://www.trane.com/commercial/library/vol242/v24b6.asp

  16. VAV System Terms & Equations(you can find them in ASHRAE Standard 62) • Fraction of minimum outdoor air in space/zone supply air Xi = VOAi / VSAi • Critical space Space with maximumXi , Z=max(Xi) • Fraction of outdoor air in system supply air X = sum(VOA ) / sum(VSA) • Required Fraction of outdoor air: Y=X/(1+X-Z)

  17. Example Solution

  18. Other Issues Related to VAV • Fan control • Minimum supply air • Occupancy sensors

  19. DOAS System • www.doas.psu.edu

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