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April 30 , 2014 – Chemical signals and hormones III No Pre -lecture quiz

April 30 , 2014 – Chemical signals and hormones III No Pre -lecture quiz Review of Hormone s pecificity Hormone-mediated physiological tradeoffs Stress responses Introductio n to sex hormones. Hormonal specificity: G-protein coupled receptors.

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April 30 , 2014 – Chemical signals and hormones III No Pre -lecture quiz

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  1. April 30, 2014 – Chemical signals and hormones III • No Pre-lecture quiz • Review of Hormone specificity • Hormone-mediated physiological tradeoffs • Stress responses • Introduction to sex hormones

  2. Hormonal specificity: G-protein coupled receptors

  3. Animation of g-protein coupled receptor example http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter17/animation__membrane-bound_receptors__g_proteins__and_ca2__channels.html

  4. Hormonal specificity: Tyrosine kinase receptors

  5. Animation of tyrosine kinase receptors • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apkY5c5DjlM

  6. Hormone-mediated Tradeoffs:Interactions between stress, reproduction and immune function Extraordinary ordinary Junco: http://juncoproject.org/videos/chapter-2/

  7. Stress

  8. Stress response Operates via two interrelated systems: • SAM (Sympathetic-adrenomedullary) (Short Term Response) • HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical) (Chronic Response).

  9. Adrenal Glands Adrenal glands • On top of the kidneys • Two parts: • Outer covering (cortex) • Inner part (the medulla) • Both parts secrete stress hormones

  10. Adrenals

  11. Shortterm response

  12. SAM – short term stress response • Adrenal medulla (the inner part) releases epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine • Stimulates rapid mobilization of metabolic resources: increased heart rate, BP, blood glucose • "Rapid response"

  13. Some additional effects of the “fight or flight” response 1.) Redirection of blood flow from the skin and digestive system toward heart, brain, and muscles. 2.) Relaxation pulmonary smooth muscle to dilate bronchi and increase O2 uptake Take home messages: 1.) Short term stress responses are EXTREMELY beneficial over the short term. 2.) Prolonged stress responses can be harmful. *Radio Lab episode on stress: http://www.radiolab.org/story/91580-stress/

  14. Long term response

  15. HPA axis and glucocorticoids • Adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoid hormones (GC). • Cortisol is most important human (GC), involved in regulating metabolism, immune response, and general homeostasis. • Elevated cortisol leads to: • Short term metabolism of fat stores into glucose • Increased hunger • Suppression of immune response; • Cardiovascular changes (e.g. increases in BP)

  16. HPA axis and the stress response • Hypothalmus secretes CRH, which: • causes the pituitary to secrete ACTH, • which stimulates the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norepinephrine • and the adrenal cortex to release GC.

  17. This graph shows the . . . a. Positive influence ACTH has on cortisol release b. Inhibitory feedback of cortisol on ACTH release

  18. This graph shows the . . . a. Positive influence ACTH has on cortisol release b. Inhibitory feedback of cortisol on ACTH release

  19. Hormone-mediated TradeoffsInteractions between stress, reproduction and immune function

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