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Chem 101

Chem 101. Chapter 6. "How full of creative genius is the air in which these are generated! I should hardly admire them more if real stars fell and lodged on my coat." --Henry David Thoreau, 1856. Chapter 5. No attractive/repulsive forces in a gas. Question…. How do snowflakes form?.

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Chem 101

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  1. Chem 101 Chapter 6

  2. "How full of creative genius is the air in which these are generated!I should hardly admire them more if real stars felland lodged on my coat."--Henry David Thoreau, 1856

  3. Chapter 5 • No attractive/repulsive forces in a gas

  4. Question… • How do snowflakes form?

  5. Chemical Results in very strong connection between atoms Secondary forces Two types of ‘bonding’

  6. Solids and Liquids • NaCl • Water • Gasoline

  7. Properties • Compressibility • Volume change as state changes • 1 mole water…

  8. What does that tell you about attractive forces between molecules in:

  9. Phase Transitions • Solid to liquid • Liquid to solid • Gas to solid

  10. Heating Curve Temperature oC Energy added

  11. Dipole-Dipole • Occur between polar molecules

  12. Ion-Dipole • Occur between ions and molecules with a dipole • Did salt dissolve in ethanol in the lab?

  13. Hydrogen Bonding • Results from large difference in electronegativity

  14. London Dispersion • Hexane – is it polar? • Induced dipoles

  15. H2 Bond • ONLY BETWEEN MOLECULES WITH H-F, H-O, and H-N

  16. London Dispersion • NONPOLAR MOLECULES ONLY BOND TO EACH OTHER THIS WAY

  17. Predict Polarity… • O2 • CH2F2

  18. Polarity and boiling • See table 6.1 on page 152

  19. Fractional Distillation

  20. Review • Which of the following can form hydrogen bonds?

  21. Review • Non Polar Molecules • Polar Molecules • H-bonding molecules

  22. Strength of Bonds • LD<Dipole-Dipole<H-bond • Surface Tension

  23. Soap • Salt of a fatty acid • See page 158 • Two ends • What type of bonding?

  24. Solutions • Why do some mixtures form solutions and others don’t? • Key is in the type of forces involved

  25. Practice • Are the following miscible?

  26. Vaporization • Defined • Just happens • Vapor – if the liquid and gas are both present

  27. Dynamic Equilibrium • Occurrence of two processes at the same time • Closed system

  28. How do Secondary forces affect vapor pressure? • High attraction – • Low attraction – • How does this affect boiling point?

  29. Problem • CH3OH and CH3I are both polar and the latter is much more massive. Why is methyl iodide’s vapor pressure at 22oC almost 4 times greater than methyl alcohol?

  30. Problem 2 • Which has a higher boiling point and why?

  31. Review • All gas laws, when and how to use them • Pressure conversions • Secondary forces • How they impact properties of substances • Their strength • Polarity • Vaporization • Why you sweat when you exercise • Heating curve

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