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Chem. 412 – Phys. Chem. I

Chem. 412 – Phys. Chem. I. Free Energy Comparisons. Free Energy Comparisons - I. Free Energy Comparisons - II. Free Energy Comparisons - III. Free Energy Comparisons - IV. Free Energy Comparisons – I – F12. Free Energy Comparisons – II – F12. Free Energy Comparisons – III – F12.

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Chem. 412 – Phys. Chem. I

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  1. Chem. 412 – Phys. Chem. I

  2. Free Energy Comparisons

  3. Free Energy Comparisons - I

  4. Free Energy Comparisons - II

  5. Free Energy Comparisons - III

  6. Free Energy Comparisons - IV

  7. Free Energy Comparisons – I – F12

  8. Free Energy Comparisons – II – F12

  9. Free Energy Comparisons – III – F12

  10. Free Energy Comparisons – III – F11

  11. Phase Diagrams

  12. Phase Diagrams The Phase Diagrams of H2O and CO2

  13. Phase Transitions: Clapeyron Equation • Over moderate temperature ranges:

  14. Phase Transitions: Clapeyron Equation – I – F14

  15. Phase Transitions: Clapeyron Equation – II – F14

  16. Phase Transitions: Clapeyron Equation – III – F14

  17. Phase Transitions: Clapeyron Equation – I – F13

  18. Phase Transitions: Clapeyron Equation – II – F13

  19. Phase Transitions: Clapeyron Equation – III – F13

  20. Application of Clapeyron Equation • Consider: Ice  Water •  (ice, 101 kPa, 273 K) = 0.917x103 kg m-3 •  (liq, 101 kPa, 273 K) = 0.988x103 kg m-3 • Hf = 6.01 kJ mol-1 ( s  liq ) • Triple point at 0.6 kPa and 273.16 K • What is the melting point at 1.5x105 kPa ( 1500 atm ) ? Application: Blade in Ice-Skating. Mathcad Key

  21. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation • Applicable only to: s  g & liq  g equilibria • Integrated form: • Indefinite Integrated form: • T-dep form:

  22. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation - I

  23. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation - II

  24. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation – I – F11

  25. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation – II – F11

  26. Standard States & Gorxn • Po for gas: ideal gas; Po = 101.325 kPa non-ideal gas; (leave for now) for liquid: pure liquid at Po for solid: most stable crystalline structure at Po • To for all substances: 298.15 K exactly • Soo = 0 at 0 K for pure crystals • Hof(To) = 0 for elements at reference state • G convention must follow that of H & S • Grxn from formation values

  27. P/T-Dependent Equations • Variation of G with P for an ideal gas: • Variation of G with T: • Variation of KP with T:

  28. P/T-Dependent Equations

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