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Comparative Forms

Comparative Forms . More About Adjectives. REVIEW OF THE BASICS. How many declensions are there for adjectives? TWO What are they? 1 st -2 nd AND 3 rd How can you tell the declension? 1 st – 2 nd look for the –a 3 rd look for the -is. Review of the Basics cont.

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Comparative Forms

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  1. Comparative Forms More About Adjectives

  2. REVIEW OF THE BASICS • How many declensions are there for adjectives? • TWO • What are they? • 1st -2ndAND 3rd • How can you tell the declension? • 1st – 2ndlook for the –a 3rd look for the -is

  3. Review of the Basics cont. • How do you get the BASE of an adjective? • Drop the –a or -is

  4. Attributes of an Adjective • All adjectives have GENDER, NUMBER, CASE and DEGREE • The gender, number and case depend on the noun that the adjective is modifying.

  5. DEGREES • There are three degrees for an adjective. • POSITIVE- big • COMPARATIVE - bigger • SUPERLATIVE - biggest

  6. HOW TO FORM THE COMPARATIVE • Get the base of the adjective • Add -ioror -ius • Add 3rd declension NOUN endings to make the adjective agree with the gender, number and case of the noun being modified

  7. EXAMPLE • taller horses - accusative plural • equos (always do the noun first) • altus, alta, altum drop the –a to get the base alt----

  8. Add ioraltior---- • Add an accusative, plural, masculine 3rddecl noun ending to altior---- to make it agree with equos • Equosaltiores

  9. Dissecting the adjective altiores Basecomparativeending The ending is acc. pl. masc. because the noun was acc. pl. masc. The ending is –es because comparative forms are 3rd declension

  10. WHEN DO YOU USE –IUS? • The –iusform is ONLY used for NEUTER, SINGULAR NOMINATIVE AND ACCUSATIVE. • ALL other forms use -ior

  11. Here are all the possible forms

  12. NOTA BENE • Notice the form for the masculine/feminine singular, nominative does NOT add ANY ending. It is just -ior • Notice the neuter, nominative and accusative singular use -ius

  13. NOTA BENE • Notice the endings you add are 3rd declension endings. • It does not matter what declension an adjective is. Once it is put in the comparative, it uses the COMPARATIVE ENDINGS.

  14. TRANSLATIONS • THERE ARE FOUR WAYS TO TRANSLATE THE COMPARATIVE • too • rather • more • -----er

  15. Some examples rather angry leaders (acc. pl) ducesiratiores more beautiful flowers (dat. pl.) floribuspulchrioribus faster horse (nom. sing.) equuscelerior

  16. TRY THESE • rather sad girl (acc. sing.) • taller man (abl. sing) • more serious dangers (abl. pl.) puella, puellae; tristis, triste vir, viri; altus, alta, altum periculum, periculi; gravis, grave

  17. ANSWERS puellamtristiorem viroaltiore periculisgravioribus

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