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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. Bob Leonard Instructor. Sandy Springs, GA November 19-20, 2009.

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

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  1. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Bob Leonard Instructor Sandy Springs, GA November 19-20, 2009

  2. Funded by the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing (COPS) and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)/Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Training Exercise Integration (TEI) Delivering Training since 1996 Located at Western Oregon University in Oregon Part of a national network of Regional Community Policing Institutes I-2

  3. Coffee / refreshments Restrooms Phone calls, cell phones and pagers Breaks and meals Seating arrangement Sign-In Forms Participant manuals Housekeeping I-4

  4. Share: three hats you wear in your community and one passion in your life Activity:Three Hats and a Passion I-5

  5. Be prepared to start and end on time Direct your attention to the front of the room Get everyone involved Respect the opinions of others Be an active, empathetic listener Parking lot Recognize the value of making mistakes Have Fun! Ground Rules I-6

  6. Participant Expectations • Group Discussion: • What do you know about CPTED? • Are you using it? • How are you currently using it? • What are your expectations? I-7

  7. 1st Generation - CPTED Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Sandy Springs, GA – 2009 Session 1

  8. Places you feel ‘unsafe”

  9. Does the physical environment affect crime? • Can we introduce changes to the physical environment to reduce crime and the fear of crime?

  10. CPTED Defined • “The proper design and effective use of the build environment can lead to a reduction in the incident and fear of crime and improve in the quality of life.” National Crime Prevention Institute C. Ray Jeffrey, 1971

  11. CPTED Background • “The Death and Life of Great American Cities” – Jane Jacobs, 1961 • “Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design” – C. Ray Jeffery’s, 1971 • “Defensible Space” – Oscar Newman, 1972

  12. CPTED Goals • Reduce crime and fear • Reducing criminal opportunity • Fostering positive social interaction among the legitimate users of a space. • Emphasis is on prevention, rather than apprehension and punishment.

  13. CPTED Goals • Prevent crime through designing a physical environment that positively influences human behavior. • Part of a Comprehensive Crime Prevention Program

  14. Ask these Question? • What is it about this design / location which could generate operational concerns? • How does the physical environment create opportunities for crime?

  15. 1st Generation CPTED’s Basic Principles • Territoriality • Natural Surveillance • Access Control • Image • Maintenance • Management

  16. Why CPTED? Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design 1st Generation CPTED Session 2

  17. Mission of Policing • What do you think the basic mission of policing is? • What does the Community think? I-2

  18. Peel’s Principles of Policing “The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder as an alternative to the repression of crime and disorder by military force and severity of legal punishment.” Sir Robert Peel, 1829 I-2

  19. Peel’s Principles of Policing “…the police are the public and the public are the police; the police are only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interest of community welfare.” Sir Robert Peel, 1829 I-2

  20. Mission of Policing • How do we measure how well we do? • How does the Community measure us? I-2

  21. Peel’s Principles of Policing “The test of police efficiency (value) is the absence of crime and disorder; not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with them.” Sir Robert Peel, 1829 I-2

  22. Community Policing What is it? I-2

  23. What are the roles of the police and the community?

  24. Community Policing … a philosophy wherein the police and the community share resources and responsibility for solving recurring problems that directly or indirectly threaten community safety or livability. Western Community Policing Institute

  25. Problem-Solving Exercise • Draw the pattern on a piece of paper. I-2

  26. Problem Solving underlying conditions REPEAT INCIDENTS problem INCIDENT Analysis Police Response police or other response I-2

  27. The Problem-Solving Process Scanning Analysis Response Assessment A guide, not a procedure I-2

  28. Exercise “Scanning” • List some of your most repeated “calls for service” or “security concerns.”

  29. Analysis – Birds are making a mess of the Lincoln Memorial Why? Why? Why? Why? Why?

  30. Exercise “Analysis” • List questions to ask that could give you further insight into your problem.

  31. Coordinated Responses – 3 E’s VICTIM EDUCATION Problem or Crime ENGINEERING ENGINEERING ENFORCEMENT LOCATION OFFENDER

  32. Exercise “Response” • List possible solutions.

  33. Exercise “Assessment” • How can you tell if you are successful.

  34. TERRITORIALITY Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design 1st Generation CPTED Session 3

  35. TERRITORIALITY • People protect what they feel is their own • Certain respect for the territory of others • Defensible Space • Public Zones • Semi-Private Zones • Private Zones

  36. TERRITORIALITY • “Broken Windows” theory • Well maintained spaces attract law abiding users, discourage disruptive users. • Disorderly, dirty environment attracts disruptive users, while discouraging use by law abiding persons. • Territoriality encouraged by activities and management techniques.

  37. Public vs. Private Zones

  38. Semi-Private Zones

  39. Commercial CPTED

  40. Territoriality Strategies • Improve appearance / Landscape • Subdivide large areas • Personalize • Create indoor or outdoor activity areas • Make special provisions for facilities that attract undesirables. • Lighting

  41. NATURAL SURVEILLANCE Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design 1st Generation CPTED Session 4

  42. NATURAL SURVEILLANCE • Criminals don’t want to be seen • Puts offender under threat of being observed, identified & apprehended • People must be able to see illegal acts taking place • Keep outsiders under observation • Surveillance depends on “ownership” – Territorial investment

  43. Activity Support (Natural)

  44. Benches and Seats (Natural)

  45. Outside Restaurant Seating

  46. Courtyard/Pool

  47. Formal (Organized) Surveillance

  48. Formal (Organized) Surveillance

  49. Lack of Surveillance

  50. Surveillance Strategies • Improve lighting • Add windows • Locate vulnerable areas near those actively used • Electronic surveillance / cameras / PPS • Remove visual obstructions in streets and public areas

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