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SHUTTER SPEED & F-STOPS

SHUTTER SPEED & F-STOPS. When you take a photo, the camera must let in just the correct amount of light to expose the film.

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SHUTTER SPEED & F-STOPS

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  1. SHUTTER SPEED & F-STOPS

  2. When you take a photo, the camera must let in just the correct amount of light to expose the film.

  3. A LIGHT METER in your camera “reads” the amount of light in the scene toward which you are aiming the camera, and decides how much light needs to enter the camera to expose the film just right.

  4. Too much light hitting the film makes the negative “overexposed”. It will be very thick and dark, and hard to print.

  5. Too little light hitting the film makes the negative “underexposed” and it will be very thin and hard to see. The prints will be difficult to print also.

  6. So, whether your camera is automatic or not, a light meter will read the scene, decide how much light is needed for your film speed and…..

  7. either tell you by a meter reading in your camera ( a needle that moves up and down, or a red/green light, or a plus/minus sign) , or adjust itself automatically, for just the right amount of light to get a perfect negative.

  8. ONE TYPE OF VIEWFINDER WITH METER READINGS ON RIGHT SIDE

  9. You can learn how to control the amount of light yourself, so you can do creative things with your camera!

  10. THERE ARE TWO WAYS TO CONTROL THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT THAT ENTERS A CAMERA

  11. ONE WAY IS BY CONTROLLING THE LENS APERTURE THE SECOND WAY IS BY CONTROLLING THE SHUTTER SPEED

  12. CONTROLLER NUMBER 1: THE APERTURE OR F/STOPS

  13. the LENS APERTURE ALLOWS LIGHT TO PASS THROUGH A LENS CARRYING THE IMAGE TO THE FILM IN THE CAMERA

  14. AN IRIS DIAPHRAGM IS USED TO REGULATE THE APERTURE OPENINGS IT IS LOCATED WITHIN THE LENS. If you remove a lens on an SLR camera, you remove the aperture with it!

  15. AN IRIS TYPE DIAPHRAGM IS MADE OF DELICATE FLAPS THAT OVERLAP EACH OTHER

  16. NUMBERS CALLED F- STOPS ARE USED TO MEASURE THE SIZE OF THE APERTURE OPENINGS

  17. THE F-STOP NUMBERS ON YOUR CAMERA LENS

  18. LOOKING THROUGH THE DIAPHRAGM AT DIFFERENT F/STOPS

  19. THE APERTURE, OR F/STOPS, CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT GOING INTO THE CAMERA LIKE A FAUCET OPENING

  20. THE WIDER THE APERTURE OPENING, THE MORE LIGHT WILL BE LET INTO THE CAMERA

  21. IMPORTANT: THE F-STOP SYSTEM HAS BEEN DESIGNED SO EITHER TWICE AS MUCH LIGHT, OR HALF AS MUCH LIGHT PASSES THROUGH THE APERTURE AT EACH ADJACENT F-STOP.

  22. FOR INSTANCE, F/2.8 LETS IN TWICE AS MUCH LIGHT AS F/4 AND F/4 LETS IN HALF AS MUCH LIGHT AS F/2.8

  23. CONTROLLER NUMBER 2: THE SHUTTER

  24. A CAMERA SHUTTER IS LIKE A DOOR THAT OPENS AND CLOSES EITHER FAST OR SLOWLY

  25. THE SPEED AT WHICH THE SHUTTER OPENS AND CLOSES CONTROLS HOW MUCH LIGHT ENTERS THE CAMERA ALSO. THERE ARE SEVERAL TYPES OF SHUTTERS

  26. A LEAF SHUTTER IS MADE OF THIN BLADES THAT FIT TOGETHER TO MAKE A ROUND OPENING YOU FIND THEM ON VIEWFINDER CAMERAS MORE OFTEN AS THEY ARE LESS COSTLY TO MAKE

  27. PARTLYCLOSED PARTLY OPEN OPEN CLOSED CLOSED A LEAF SHUTTER HAS PRECISION THIN METAL OR PLASTIC BLADES THAT OPEN AND CLOSE RAPIDLY

  28. A FOCAL PLANE SHUTTER IS USED MOST IN 35MM SLR CAMERAS THEY ARE MADE OF FABRIC OR METAL CURTAINSMOUNTED VERY CLOSE TO THE FILM PLANE

  29. THE CURTAINS MOVE ACROSS THE FILM FRAME, ONE AHEAD OF THE OTHER. WHEN THE SHUTTER RELEASE IS SQUEEZED, THE LEAD CURTAIN TRAVELS ACROSS THE FILM, FOLLOWED SHORTLY BY THE TRAILING CURTAIN. THIS ALLOWS LIGHT TO HIT THE FILM

  30. THE SHUTTER SPEED DETERMINES HOW FAST THE CURTAINS MOVE IN RELATION TO EACH OTHER. THE FASTER THEY MOVE, THE LESS TIME THE FILM IS EXPOSED, AND SO THE LESS LIGHT REACHES THE FILM.

  31. SLOW SHUTTER SPEED FAST SHUTTER SPEED

  32. SHUTTER SPEEDS ARE MEASURED IN FRACTIONS OF A SECOND ONE SECOND IS VERY SLOW...WHERE 1/2000TH OF A SECOND IS VERY FAST.

  33. SHUTTER SPEEDS ARE MARKED ON OR IN THE CAMERA ONLY BY THE DENOMINATION OF THE FRACTION A SHUTTER SPEED SETTING OF 250 REALLY MEANS THE SHUTTER OPENS AND CLOSES IN 1/250TH OF A SECOND.

  34. THE SHUTTER SPEEDS ARE USUALLY SET BY A DIAL ON TOP OF THE CAMERA

  35. THE SHUTTER SPEED DIAL ON TOP OF A CAMERA LOOKS LIKE THIS SOME CAMERAS JUST HAVE AN LED DISPLAY FOR THE SHUTTER SPEED

  36. THE SHUTTER SPEED WITH A DIFFERENT COLOR IS THE ONE YOU USE WITH A SEPARATE FLASH ATTACHMENT!!

  37. SHUTTER SPEEDS

  38. SHUTTER SPEEDS

  39. JUST LIKE F-STOPS, ADJACENT SHUTTER SPEEDS EITHER HALVE OR DOUBLE THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT ALLOWED TO ENTER THE CAMERA

  40. SO, a 1/125 SHUTTER SPEED PERMITS HALF THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT AS 1/60 AND 1/60 LETS IN TWICE THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT AS 1/125 OF A SECOND

  41. SO YOU SEE, YOU CAN CHANGE THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT THAT ENTERS THE CAMERA IN TWO WAYS: BY CHANGING THE F-STOP AND BY CHANGING THE SHUTTER SPEED

  42. USING EITHER WAY, YOU CAN EITHER DOUBLE OR HALVE THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT THAT ENTERS FROM THE PREVIOUS SETTING.

  43. SHUTTER SPEEDS AND F-STOPS HAVE A DIRECT RELATIONSHIP IN REGULATING LIGHT

  44. YOU CAN HAVE MANY DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF SHUTTER SPEEDS AND F-STOPS THAT ALL LET IN THE SAME AMOUNT OF LIGHT!!!

  45. THESE COMBINATIONS LET IN THE SAME AMOUNT OF LIGHT F-STOPS SHUTTER SPEEDS

  46. THE COMBINATION OF THE F/STOP AND THE SHUTTER SPEED YOU USE TO TAKE A PICTURE IS CALLED THE “EXPOSURE” FOR THAT PHOTO.

  47. SO, YOU MIGHT SAY, “MY EXPOSURE FOR THAT TRAIN PHOTO WAS F/4 AT 1/500 SEC.”

  48. WHAT’S THE POINT!????

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