2. What is studied in forensic palynology? Pollens and spores C. Soils

1. Warm-Up: Trivia Questions 1. In Knoxville, Tennessee, there is a research facility, popularly known as 'the Body Farm', where research is conducted into the nature of human decomposition and the factors which affect the rate at which it occurs. Who was responsible for the creation of this facility? A. Ernest T Bass B. Gil Grissom C. Bill Clinton D. William Bass • 2. What is studied in forensic palynology? • Pollens and spores C. Soils • B. Dust D. Fossilized micro-organisms 3. If you know what to look for, you can tell a male from a female skull. Which of the following statements is FALSE about a male skull? A. It is usually larger. C. It has a heavier jaw. B. It has a more prominent brow ridge. D. It has a more rounded chin. 4. In October 1974 part of a male torso was found floating in the River Thames in England. Several parts, including the head and hands, were missing so police could not use the usual methods of fingerprints, facial features and dental records to identify the corpse. How was it eventually identified? A. Presence of gallstones C. Skeletal characteristics on x-rays B. Blood type D. All the choices are correct.

2. The official name of the body farm is the Tennessee Anthropological Research Facility (TARF) but some of Bass’s colleagues call it the Bass Anthropological Research Facility or BARF. This case made legal history because it was the first time a body was identified without fingerprints or dental records. It belonged to a petty criminal called William Henry Moseley. Answers 1. In Knoxville, Tennessee, there is a research facility, popularly known as 'the Body Farm', where research is conducted into the nature of human decomposition and the factors which affect the rate at which it occurs. Who was responsible for the creation of this facility? A. Ernest T Bass B. Gil Grissom C. Bill Clinton D. William Bass • 2. What is studied in forensic palynology? • Pollens and spores C. Soils • B. Dust D. Fossilized micro-organisms 3. If you know what to look for, you can tell a male from a female skull. Which of the following statements is FALSE about a male skull? A. It is usually larger. C. It has a heavier jaw. B. It has a more prominent brow ridge. D. It has a more rounded chin. 4. In October 1974 part of a male torso was found floating in the River Thames in England. Several parts, including the head and hands, were missing so police could not use the usual methods of fingerprints, facial features and dental records to identify the corpse. How was it eventually identified? A. Presence of gallstones C. Skeletal characteristics on x-rays B. Blood type D. All the choices are correct.

3. Objective SWBAT determine the Post Mortem Interval using data analysis.

4. Agenda • Entomology Lab • Data Analysis • Exit Slip

5. Forensic Entomology Lab • Complete Examination of Taxa • Skip Separation of Taxa – there will be species A and B samples at the front if you need to compare them • Once you have completed the above get your sample from the front to complete the Analysis of Evidence section • We will review the Data Analysis section together • Answer Post Lab Questions when finished

6. Entomology Kit Climate Data Analysis Tutorial Crosscutting Concepts Updated 5/6/14

7. Degree-Hour Determination Knowns • Bodies discovered at 1:00PM on June 20 • Insects collected at 3:00PM on June 20 • Weather type (sunny, partly cloudy, overcast) • Weather events (rain, thunderstorms, snow) • Daily average temperature • Male and Female had the same species and lifecycles present (Migrating 3rdInstar Species A, 2ndInstar Species B) Unknowns • Elapsed degree-hours for each day • Degree-hours for each life stage of both species • Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage of both species • Cumulative elapsed degree hours for each day • Which day the adult insect from both species laid its eggs • Earliest and latest time the insects began developing

8. Elapsed degree-hours for each day Lab Procedure 2, Step2: Determine the number of degree hours for each day using the weather service data. To do this, multiply the average temperature times 24 hours for each day. This can be performed in a spreadsheet. • The collection time was 3:00PM on June 20, this tells us to multiply the first average temperature by 15 hours instead of 24 • Every other daily average temperature in the month will be multiplied by 24

9. Elapsed degree-hours for each day

10. Degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step3: Determine the number of degree hours required for each life stage of both species. To do this, multiply the number of hours by the degrees Celsius given in the table.

11. Degree-hours for each life stage: Species B Lab Procedure 2, Step3: Determine the number of degree hours required for each life stage of both species. To do this, multiply the number of hours by the degrees Celsius given in the table.

12. Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Adult degree-hours = ∑ degree hours at each stage = cumulative degree hours = 10206

13. Cumulative degree-hours for each life stage: Species B Lab Procedure 2, Step4: By adding all the degree hours for each of the six life stages together, you calculate the cumulative degree hours required for an adult fly to develop at 21°C. Adult degree-hours = ∑ degree hours at each stage = cumulative degree hours = 11823

14. Cumulative degree-hours for each day Lab Procedure 2, Step5: Calculate elapsed degree hours for each of the days in the climatological data provided. To do this, multiply the number of hours by the average temperature that day.

15. Which day the adult insect laid eggs on the body: Species A Lab Procedure 2, Step6a: Examine the species A life stages collected as evidence and identify the oldest species A life stage collection for the adult male. On Day 11, the cumulative degree-hours were 3257. Species A takes 2688 degree-hours to complete development in the Feeding 3rd Instar and begin development in the Migration stage of the 3rd Instar. The temperature data alone suggests that the eggs were laid on the 12th, but there was a storm then, so we know that the eggs were laid before then since flies are not active during thunderstorms.

16. Which day the adult insect laid eggs on the body: Species B Lab Procedure 2, Step6a: Examine the species A life stages collected as evidence and identify the oldest species B life stage collection for the adult male. On Day 17, the cumulative degree-hours were 1360. Species B takes 1302 degree-hours to complete development in the 1st Instar and begin development in the 2nd Instar.

17. Conclusion: Bodies have been dead for a minimum of 8 days, 16 hours Post Mortem Interval = ∑ hours(day) = h(20) + h(19) + h(18) … h(10) = 207 hours = 8 days, 15 hours THUNDERSTORM The post mortem interval was calculated to be 8 days, 15 hours, but we know that the storm occurred on the evening of the 11th, so we conjecture that at the flies were active at least an hour on the 11th, thus bringing our PMI to a minimum of 8 days, 16 hours. The actual PMI, which is unknown, may vary up to 12 hours more than this calculation due to weather. Students’ calculations may vary by up to a day later.

18. Homework • Read Chapter 10, pages 356 – 367 and work on review questions #1-14 (they are due on Monday)

19. Exit SlipSeptember 18, 2014 • Go to m.socrative.com or the socrative app. • Room # is 417101 • QUESTION: What did you find difficult with this lab (besides getting the species out of the vials)?