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Waves and Sound

Science is tight, dawg, tight!. Waves and Sound. PART 1: WAVES. What is a wave?. There are two main types of waves…. What causes waves?. Vibrations -energy in a medium A medium is something that a wave travels through…could be a solid, liquid, or a gas. Think of….a Tin Can Phone.

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Waves and Sound

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  1. Science is tight, dawg, tight! Waves and Sound

  2. PART 1: WAVES What is a wave? There are two main types of waves…. What causes waves? Vibrations -energy in a medium A medium is something that a wave travels through…could be a solid, liquid, or a gas. Think of….a Tin Can Phone A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place Transverse Waves Longitudinal Waves Both are classified by they move

  3. 1) Transverse Wave Wave that moves perpendicular to it’s direction Hint: perpendicular is like the letter “T” for Transverse In Real Life: Light (unit 18), radio waves, microwaves Think of: two dopes with a rope

  4. 2) Longitudinal Wave Wave that moves parallel to it’s direction Hint: Parallel motion like = sign In Real Life: Sound Think of: Slinky

  5. Wave Properties: properties are different for the two wave types Transverse Waves Longitudinal Waves Amplitude -how compressed or rarefied Wavelength-compression to compression Compression = crest Rarefaction = trough Crest Amplitude –how tall the wave is Wavelength-distance crest to crest OR trough to trough Crest –peak, high point Trough-bottom, low point Trough

  6. Wavelength and Frequency Wavelength Frequency Complete waves that pass a point in a certain amount of time Measured in hertz (Hz) A full wave cycle TIME

  7. Wave Behavior (4) 1)Reflection 2) Refraction When a wave enters new medium causing it to bend Wave hits a surface it can not pass through, bounces back Angle of Incidence = the Angle of Reflection

  8. Wave Behavior (4) 3) Diffraction 4) Interference When waves meet and and interact with one another -Either combine or cancel out Wave passes a barrier makes the wave bend “D” for Diffraction!

  9. Part 2: Sound Sound is the most common type of longitudinal wave. Our “sound” is created by the vibrations of our vocal cords. Sound is a mechanical wave. There must be a medium for sound to travel….that is why there is no sound in outer space!!!

  10. Does the medium make a difference in the speed of sound?? • MOST DEFINITELY!! • Solid = fastest medium, particles are closest together • Gas(air) = slowest but the clearest

  11. Speed of sound in various mediums (miles/hour) • Air at 20°C = 768 • Fresh water = 3339 • Rubber = 3579 • Gold = 7248 • Iron = 11,476 • Diamond = 26,844 As state of matter changes so does the speed of sound

  12. Temperature also affects sound wave travel speeds… The warmer the temperature, the faster the wave will travel. • Air at 0°C = 740 miles/hour • Air at 20° C = 768 miles/hour

  13. Mach numbers -used to determine the speed of an object in relation to the speed of sound • Subsonic – speeds less than the speed of sound • Transonic – speed that is equal to the speed of sound…Mach 1 • Supersonic – Mach number greater than 1, usually between Mach 2 and Mach 5… (2x greater than speed of sound • Hypersonic – Mach number greater than 5..very dangerous, chemical bonds can break apart

  14. Properties of Sound It was pitchy, dawg, pitchy! Pitch - defined as how high or how low a sound is • Pitch depends on frequency • High pitch = high frequency • Low pitch = low frequency

  15. Properties of Sound • Amplitude – the “size” of the wave. • Same frequency , the wave just has more energy • Louder the sound…more energy it has…higher the amplitude

  16. ECHOLOCATION – use of reflected sound waves to detect prey

  17. SONAR device used to detect submerged objects by echolocation

  18. ULTRASOUND - – high energy waves used to take a “picture” of internal organs.

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