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Photocathode-based with 10-12% qe : - PMT (M64+base)  $40/ch + electronics - HPD

Possible photodetectors/readout 300,000 channels /20 kTon  50 photons from 20 m (1 mm fiber) 150 photons from 10 m. Photocathode-based with 10-12% qe : - PMT (M64+base)  $40/ch + electronics - HPD Silicon-based with qe 50-80%

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Photocathode-based with 10-12% qe : - PMT (M64+base)  $40/ch + electronics - HPD

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  1. Possible photodetectors/readout300,000 channels /20 kTon 50 photons from 20 m (1 mm fiber) 150 photons from 10 m • Photocathode-based with 10-12% qe: - PMT (M64+base)  $40/ch + electronics - HPD • Silicon-based with qe 50-80% • APD  $15-20/ch inc. amplifiers (Hamamatsu 216 pix array @ $320; quote to R. Rusack) • VLPC  $50/ch (hearsay?) • CCD < $10/ch inc readout electronics

  2. A CCD solution for readout? • Kodak KAF-0401E 768512 (9) pixel • 6.9  4.6 mm • $300(+  $300 readout electronics) • 50% quantum eff. • Open gate for 10 s/spill • Readout over 1s bet spills

  3. Can get  30 tight-packed 1 mm fibers or  120 tight-packed ½ mm fibers on to CCD • This corresponds to 104 pix/1 mm fiber (there are CCDs with 25  pix but still 103 pix/fiber) • Could gain factor 4 –5 with focusing lens so cost/fiber is small • The problem is read noise from amplifiers, typically 10 e rms/pixel read out (dark current negligible because of short gate) • So make pixels bigger by ganging together (P.Border) • e.g. at 4 pix/fiber read noise is 40020 e and need signal of 100 pe for 5 signal – background • This is borderline or below for 20 m detector with single-ended readout - unless can find a CCD with low read noise

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