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Bellwork. Define the first five terms on page 74. European Policy of Land Ownership. “Rights of discovery” meant “Finders Keepers”- the first nation to discover a region became legal owner What about the inhabitants of the land? Considered chattel Why did they want the land?
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Bellwork • Define the first five terms on page 74.
European Policy of Land Ownership • “Rights of discovery” meant “Finders Keepers”- the first nation to discover a region became legal owner • What about the inhabitants of the land? • Considered chattel • Why did they want the land? • Pawn of peace, spoil of war, bargaining tool
Louisiana Purchase • LaSalle (1682)- had claimed Louisiana for France by claiming Miss. River & the land into which all its tributaries extended • In 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte (leader of France) promises Spain he won’t sell Louisiana • 1803- France sells Louisiana to US for $15 million • Napoleon sells it sacrificing imperialism for war • almost doubled the size of US at the time • “best real estate deal in history”- less than 3 cents/acre
Lewis & Clark • First expedition commissioned by Pres. Jefferson • Jefferson wanted to establish boundaries ASAP • Concerned about Spanish on west coast • Lewis & Clark commissioned to: • explore the Missouri River westward to source • find a passage across mountains in west • DID NOT COME INTO OKLAHOMA
Wilkinson & Pike • Also commissioned by Jefferson- 1st official expedition into OK • Mission was to follow Arkansas River to its source • Accompanied by Osage & Pawnee Indians • Wilkinson (1806) • 1st detailed records of OK; spend Xmas near Claremore • Pike • Discovered Pike’s Peak • Escorted out of Spanish territory; Spanish kept records
Sparks Expedition • Started in New Orleans went up Miss. River to mouth of Red River • Red River blocked (Great Raft)…land route • Turned back by Spanish soldiers, but he did reach the edge of Oklahoma
Sibley & The Great Salt Plains • 1811- Sibley searching for the “salt mountain” • Made the 1st official record of the site- geologists say it had once been a great salt sea
First Long Expedition • Stephen LONG • Purpose- to establish a fort in the far west • 1817- founded Fort Smith • 1st occupied by Rifle Regiment
Second Long Expedition (1820) • Long & Bell split up • Long- supposed to follow Red River • supply shortage, men abandon expedition & take records w/ them • Following wrong river! When discovered that they were following Canadian River & not Red River, they give up • Bell- supposed to follow Arkansas River • Mission failed • Failure not important…RECORDS left important!
Three Forks Area • (1817) Three Forks Trading Post established on Verdigris River just north of present-day Muskogee • Location was EXTREMELY IMPORTANT • This trading post was located where three major rivers joined- the Arkansas, Verdigris, & Grand • Trappers & hunters used the trading post to stock up on supplies & sell furs. • Osage brought their items (furs, fowl, wild honey, bear oil, buffalo robes) to trade as well. • Items such as salt, lead, pecans, and grain were shipped out of this area when fur trade slowed down by the 1830s.
Trading Expeditions • 1821- Glenn, a trader (private expedition) • crossed Osage Hills & followed Arkansas R westward • Met Cheyenne, Kiowa, & Arapaho Tribes & established friendly trading relations • 1821- Becknell • crossed Panhandle • left little knowledge, but opened up trade into area
Chouteau’s trading post was the hub of commerce in the early 1800s.
Explorers served several purposes • 1st to meet & establish relations w/ natives • observed & recorded resources and locations • opened trade w/ western & southwestern tribes • observed lifestyles of the people they met • recorded weather & change of seasons • Due to their efforts- by 1830 many people moving westward
Changing Boundaries • Louisiana- largest single territory owned by US • “Oklahoma” becomes part of Territory of Missouri (1812) • “Oklahoma” becomes part of Territory of Arkansas (1819) • 1819- boundaries of LA Purchase established by Adams-Onis Treaty
Adams-Onís Treaty A*K*ATranscontinental Treaty (1819) • John Quincy Adams (Sec. Of State) • Luís de Onís (Rep. of Spain) • Solved 2 problems: • Settlers wanted to purchase Florida from Spain b/c of problems with Seminole • Spain wanted to establish the boundary b/t Mexico & LA Purchase before too many settlers moved in
Terms of Adams-Onís Treaty • Boundary set at the western bank of the Sabine, Red, and Arkansas Rivers to the Continental Divide • Spain gave up all claims to Oregon & Florida (Florida purchased for $5 million) • Boundary b/t LA Purchase lands & Texas territory was extremely favorable to US