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The Gospel of Luke. Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond. Preparation for the Journey. Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed. Prologue. On the Way to Jerusalem: Land of Discipleship Training. Jerusalem: Land of Rejection and Death. Resurrection and Ascension. Galilee:
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The Gospel of Luke Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond Preparation for the Journey Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed Prologue On the Way to Jerusalem: Land of Discipleship Training Jerusalem: Land of Rejection and Death Resurrection and Ascension Galilee: Land of Miracles Origin, Birth, and Early Years Threshold to Ministry 1:1-4 1:5-2:52 3:1-4:13 4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56 24:1-53
The Gospel of Luke Introduction 1:1-4 …that you might know the certainty of the things you have been told Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond Preparation for the Journey Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed Prologue On the Way to Jerusalem: Land of Discipleship Training Jerusalem: Land of Rejection and Death Resurrection and Ascension Galilee: Land of Miracles Origin, Birth, and Early Years Threshold to Ministry 1:1-4 1:5-2:52 3:1-4:13 4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56 24:1-53
Prologue to Luke Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us, 2 just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. 3Therefore, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, it seemed good also to me to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4 so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.
Prologue to Luke • Ancient Oral World • Book (Greek, Biblion; Latin, volumen, roll) • “First Sentence” • Quintilian: Prefaces in oral speeches should prepare audiences so that they will desire to listen to the speech as a whole, by rendering them well disposed, attentive, and ready for instruction (see Ins.Orat. 4.1.5 and Aristotle Rhetoric 3.14). • This also sets the work within the larger context of existing works
Prologue to Luke • One sentence – Five clauses – Balanced Causation 1:1-2 1:3-4 • Many have undertaken • To set down an orderly account • The events that have been fulfilled among us • From the beginning • Just as they were handed down to us • [Therefore] I too decided • To write an orderly account • After investigating everything • From the very first • So that you may know certainty Climax
Prologue to Luke Formal, literary; different from rest of the book. The style is introduced in 1:1 as a narrative or story (dih,ghsij) but it is one account among others What others?
Prologue to Luke The style is further refined in 1:3 when Luke says, “it seemed good also to me to write an orderly account for you” What order?
Prologue to Luke • What order? Based upon Mark • Anointing story of Jesus (Luke 7:36-40) • Last Supper scene (contains farewell discourse; 22:14-38) • The mockery of Jesus preceded rather than follows his interrogation of the Sanhedrin (22:63-65) • Mockery of Roman soldiers is dropped • How about the addition of • the Trial before Herod, • Jesus’ address to the women on the way to the cross • the repentance of the thief on the cross, sayings from the cross?
Prologue to Luke • Comments of Papias about Mark, • “Mark became Peter’s interpreter (hermeneutes) and wrote accurately whatever he remembered, but not in order of the things said or done by the Lord.” • Eusebius (H.E. 3.39.14-17)
Prologue to Luke Notice how in 1:4, Luke clearly ties the orderly account with the question of truth/certainty Orderly account Certainty i[na Result Clause
Prologue to Luke Luke is a 2nd (3rd ?) generation Christian, standing on others’ shoulders (scrolls?) Note his use of 2nd person pronouns He has models before him (1:1,2) He has a message to contribute (1:4) Note “eyewitnesses and servants”oi` avpV avrch/j auvto,ptai kai. u`phre,tai
Prologue to Luke These are fulfilled events (peplhroforhme,nwn)Note: Perfect tense, Fulfillment with effects down to the time of the hearers/readers Note: Passive voice, Divine passive
Prologue to Luke • For Luke, an orderly account is concerned with a development of “certainty of the things you have been taught.” • It’s not about facts alone but faith. • Luke is theological history
Prologue to Luke • Luke is narrative • Narrator stands outside in Luke (except: “fulfilled among us”) • Stands inside Acts (Acts 16:10-17; 20:5-15; 21:1-18; 27:1-28:16) • Maybe written; certainly spoken • Luke is prophecy • Luke is proclamation • Luke has a recipient • Theophilus – • “Dear to God” or “lover of God” • Common name in 1st century • Literary Patron honor…not publication norm… but release for copying • Us? – If this is proclamation…
The Gospel of Luke Begins in the Temple – Ends in the Temple Jesus’ Resurrection appearance in Jerusalem (24:50-53) Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond Reminder of Journey destination (17:11) Preparation for the Journey Note the lack of location for Peter’s Confession (9:18ff) Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed 3rd Passion Prediction: Jerusalem (18:31) Jesus teaches “on the way” (13:22); Jerusalem is place for prophets death (13:31-35) Jesus’ Transfiguration conversation; Exodus in Jerusalem (9:31) Prologue Jesus inching closer and closer (19:28, 37, 41) On the Way to Jerusalem: Land of Discipleship Training Jerusalem: Land of Rejection and Death Jesus tempted at Temple (4:9-13) Resurrection and Ascension Galilee: Land of Miracles Jesus “on the way” to Jerusalem; Bethany (10:38-42) Also note 10:37, “Go” = Travel Jesus sets face for Jerusalem (9:51-62); Jerusalem mentioned 13x’s in travel narrative (9-19) Jesus enters Jerusalem – Temple (19:45-48); Remainder of book is temple-centered (20:1; 21:37-38; 23:45). Note Temple destruction 21:5-28 Origin, Birth, and Early Years Threshold to Ministry Jesus presented in Temple (2:21-40). Jesus teaching in Temple (2:41-52) 1:1-4 1:5-2:52 3:1-4:13 4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56 24:1-53 The Temple: the location of the presence of God and the Revelation of Jesus (and the place of His rejection)
The Gospel of Luke • Temple – In Second Temple Judaism • Holy building with compromised leaders
Temple (35 acres) Court of Gentiles Court of Israel Court of Women Holy of Holies Holy Place
“Culture Centers…” “… consist in the point or points in a society where its leading ideas come together with its leading institutions to create an arena in which the events that most vitally affect its members’ lives take place.” Clifford Geertz, Local Knowledge
The Gospel of Luke Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond Preparation for the Journey Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed Prologue On the Way to Jerusalem: Land of Discipleship Training Jerusalem: Land of Rejection and Death Geographic – Theological Pivot 9:51-56 Resurrection and Ascension Galilee: Land of Miracles Origin, Birth, and Early Years Threshold to Ministry 1:1-4 1:5-2:52 3:1-4:13 4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56 24:1-53 As the time approached for him to be taken up to heaven, Jesus resolutely set out for Jerusalem.(9:51)
The Gospel of Luke Climax Chap 24:50-51 Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond Preparation for the Journey When he had led them out to the vicinity of Bethany, he lifted up his hands and blessed them. While he was blessing them, he left them and was taken up into heaven. Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed Prologue On the Way to Jerusalem: Land of Discipleship Training Jerusalem: Land of Rejection and Death Resurrection and Ascension Galilee: Land of Miracles Origin, Birth, and Early Years Threshold to Ministry 1:1-4 1:5-2:52 3:1-4:13 4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56 24:1-53
The Gospel of Luke Climax Chap 24:45-49 Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond Preparation for the Journey Then He opened their minds so they could understand the Scriptures, “This is what is written…you are witnesses of these things I am going to send you what the Father has promised; but stay in the city until you have been clothed with power from on high.” Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed Prologue On the Way to Jerusalem: Land of Discipleship Training Jerusalem: Land of Rejection and Death Resurrection and Ascension Galilee: Land of Miracles Origin, Birth, and Early Years Threshold to Ministry 1:1-4 1:5-2:52 3:1-4:13 4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56 24:1-53
The Gospel of Luke Solution Human Transformation: Opening of mind; adoption of mission 24:45-47 Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem, and Beyond Preparation for the Journey Journey with Jesus: In Word and Deed Rejection in Nazareth 4:14-30 Rejection in Samaria 9:53 Rejection in Temple 19:45-48 Prologue On the Way to Jerusalem: Land of Discipleship Training Jerusalem: Land of Rejection and Death Resurrection and Ascension Galilee: Land of Miracles Origin, Birth, and Early Years Threshold to Ministry Confusion: Passion Prediction 1 9:21-22 Confusion: Passion Prediction 2 9:44-45 Confusion: Passion Prediction 3 18:31-34 1:1-4 1:5-2:52 3:1-4:13 4:14-9:50 9:51-19:44 19:45-23:56 24:1-53 Problem Human Dilemma: Confusion to His Person; Confusion of His mission