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s d is differential stress

s d is differential stress -Engelder, 1993, Stress regimes in the lithosphere, Princeton Univ. Press. Rheology: “science of deformation and flow of matter” or relationship between stress and strain. http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/structure/rheology/hooke.htm. Idealized Elastic Material.

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s d is differential stress

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  1. GLG310 Structural Geology

  2. GLG310 Structural Geology

  3. sd is differential stress -Engelder, 1993, Stress regimes in the lithosphere, Princeton Univ. Press GLG310 Structural Geology

  4. Rheology: “science of deformation and flow of matter”orrelationship between stress and strain GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology

  5. http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/structure/rheology/hooke.htm Idealized Elastic Material Linear relationship between force and extension (Hooke, 1676): • Uttensio sic uis • As extension so the force • Analogous to spring constant

  6. GLG310 Structural Geology

  7. E (young’s modulus) = d sa/d ea Units of stress GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology -Pollard and Fletcher, 2005

  8. http://silver.neep.wisc.edu/~lakes/PoissonIntro.html GLG310 Structural Geology

  9. Axial versus transverse deformation sa = f/A ea = (b-B)/B sp = 0 ep = (w-W)/W n = - ep / ea (Poisson ratio) Measures compressibility GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology

  10. Idealized Elastic Material

  11. Stiffness and strength “Lest there be any possible, probably, shadow of doubt, strength is not, repeat not, the same thing as stiffness. Stiffness, or Young’s modulus or E, is concerned with how stiff, flexible, springy or floppy a material is. Strength is the force or stress needed to break a thing. A biscuit is stiff but weak, steel is stiff and strong, nylon is flexible (low E and strong), raspberry jelly is flexible (low E) and weak. The two properties together describe a solid about as well as you can reasonably expect two figures to do.” (Gordon, New science of strong materials, 2006) GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology

  12. http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/structure/rheology/inelastic.htm

  13. Plasticity • Steady deformation at yield strength

  14. Plasticity • Steady deformation at yield strength

  15. Viscosity • Strain rate proportional to differential stress GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology

  16. GLG310 Structural Geology

  17. Variations in mechanical behavior http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxdfoJoWNE4 GLG310 Structural Geology

  18. Rock deformation experiments GLG310 Structural Geology

  19. GLG310 Structural Geology

  20. GLG310 Structural Geology

  21. http://www.cast.com.sg/s_soil.html

  22. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4ZAb-p-dIw GLG310 Structural Geology

  23. Rocks can flow: salt ascends through overlying sediments because it is bouyant http://maydamedia.com/Images/Chapter11/Chart11.1.jpg

  24. GLG310 Structural Geology

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