1 / 31

CHAPTER 21

CHAPTER 21. THE TWENTIES 1920-1929. SECTION 1. A REPUBLICAN DECADE. I. Analyze the causes and effects of the red scare and the labor strikes of 1919. A. The Red Scare 1. Russian Revolution a. The “Reds” – Bolsheviks – Vladimir Lenin took control of

alec
Download Presentation

CHAPTER 21

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. CHAPTER 21 THE TWENTIES 1920-1929

  2. SECTION 1 A REPUBLICAN DECADE

  3. I. Analyze the causes and effects of the red scare and the labor strikes of 1919. • A. The Red Scare • 1. Russian Revolution • a. The “Reds” – Bolsheviks – Vladimir Lenin took control of farms, industries, land, and transportation. • b. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) • c. Communism • 1. Government owned all land and property • 2. Single political party • 3. No individual rights • 4. Government vowed to spread communism • d. Red Scare – intense fear the communism would undermine American society

  4. I. Analyze the causes and effects of the red scare and the labor strikes of 1919. • A. The Red Scare • 2. Schenck vs. U.S. a. Clear and present danger • 3. Palmer Raid • a. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer • b. Arrest suspected people trying to overthrow the government • c. Included Communists, Socialists, anarchists • 4. Sacco and Vanzetti • a. Robbery, killing of a guard and paymaster of a shoe factory • b. Sacco, shoemaker and Vanzetti, fish peddler – Italian immigrants • c. Case drew international attention and controversy • d. Both found guilty, appealed and lost, electrocuted

  5. I. Analyze the causes and effects of the red scare and the labor strikes of 1919. • B. Labor Strikes • 1. Boston Police Strike • a. Strike over pay raise/union activity • b. Governor Calvin Coolidge 1. public safety 2. called out state guard • 2. Steel and Coal Strikes • a. Americans blamed strikes on communist supporters • b. Corporations’ private police killed 18 strikers and beat hundreds • c. Strike activity declined in 1920s

  6. II. Describe key features of the Republican administrations of the 1920s. • A. Republican party dominated all three branches of government. • 1. Presidents (1921-1933) Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover • 2. Congress – majority Republicans • 3. Supreme Court – Chief Justice William Howard Taft (former Republican President) • B. United in basic goals and ideals • 1. Favored business • 2. Social stability to promote economic growth

  7. III. Compare the Harding and Coolidge presidencies. • A. Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) • 1. Promised “normalcy” • 2. Cabinet decisions – questionable selections • 3. Isolationism – policy of avoiding political or economic alliances with foreign countries. • 4. Disarmament – program in which nations voluntarily give up their weapons. • 5. Limiting immigration – move nativists - anti-immigrate • a. Loyalty • b. Religious differences • c. Urban slums and corruption • d. Jobs • e. Political ideas

  8. III. Compare the Harding and Coolidge presidencies. • A. Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) • 6. Teapot Dome Scandal • a. Worst Harding scandal • b. Secretary of Interior Albert B. Fall • c. Oil rights on government fields in exchange for bribe $300,000.00 • d. Elk Hills, CA and Teapot Dome, WY • e. Harding died August 2, 1923 – heart problems

  9. III. Compare the Harding and Coolidge presidencies. • B. Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929) • 1. Vice President of Harding – oath given by father • 2. Former Governor of Massachusetts – No role in scandals • 3. Laissez-Faire - government was not to interfere with business • 4. Isolationism • 5. Kellogg-Briand Pact – not to use the threat of war

  10. SECTION 2 A Business Boom

  11. I. Describe how the growth of a consumer economy changed American life. • A. Consumer Economy • 1. Economy that depends on a large amount of buying by consumers –individuals who use products • 2. Buying on credit • a. Installment plan – partial payments at set intervals over a period of time ***plus interest*** • 3. Electric power – increased sales of a variety of household electrical appliances. • 4. New products – ovens, toasters, washing machines, vacuums

  12. II. Explain how Henry Ford made automobiles affordable for average Americans. • A. Ford and the “Model T” • 1. Henry Ford – Detroit Michigan • 2. Horseless carriage • B. Ford’s Assembly Line • 1. Produce more cars at prices people could afford • 2. Assembly line – manufacturing process in which each worker does one specialized task • 3. Ford made the product move – not the employee • 4. Interchangeable parts speeded production • 5. One “Model T” every 24 seconds • 6. Economics of Scale – increased production decreases costs • 7. Vertical consolidation – owned steel and rubber supplies

  13. II. Explain how Henry Ford made automobiles affordable for average Americans. • C. Complex Businessman • 1. $5.00 a day pay rate – which was a positive • 2. Fought unions • 3. Refused to consider tastes – painted every Ford black

  14. III. Explain why American businesses boomed in the 1920s. • A. Automobiles single biggest industry • B. Everything that it takes to make a car • C. Everything you can do with a car industries • 1. Travel • 2. Garages/mechanics • 3. Gas stations • 4. Delivery companies • D. Laissez-Faire supported business over government interference

  15. SECTION 3 Society in the 1920s

  16. I. Describe changes in women’s attitudes and roles in society during the 1920s. • A. Flapper • 1. New type of women – young, rebellious, fun loving, FASHION • 2. Break from the past – morals and manners • 3. Short – hair and cloths • 4. Smoking and drinking in public • B. Women Working and Voting • 1. Convenience affected style • 2. Two female governors by 1924 • 3. Status of women changed very little during 1920s

  17. II. Analyze the causes for population changes in American cities and suburbs. • A. Demographics – statistics used to describe population. • B. African Americans in the North • 1. Great Migration to the North • a. Jobs – industrial boom • b. Escape Jim Crow laws of segregation • c. No land forced population to city

  18. II. Analyze the causes for population changes in American cities and suburbs. • C. Other migration • 1. Immigrants to fill low-paying jobs • 2. Europe, now Mexico and Canada • 3. Barrio – Spanish speaking neighborhoods • D. Growth of the Suburbs • 1. Quick access to the city – buses • 2. Cities built transportation systems

  19. III. Identify some of the heroes of the 1920s and explain their popularity. • A. Lucky Lindy • 1. Charles Lindbergh – Spirit of St. Louis • 2. Won a race from New York to Paris across the Atlantic Ocean • B. Amelia Earhart • 1. Female pilot who disappeared attempting to fly around the world • C. Heroes of Sports – Good Old Days • 1. George Herman “Babe” Ruth - baseball • 2. Jack Dempsey – heavyweight boxer • 3. Gertrude Ederle – female Olympic swimmer

  20. SECTION 4 Mass Media and The Jazz Age

  21. I. Analyze the impact of the growth of the nation’s mass media. • A. Mass Media – print and broadcast methods of communicating information to large numbers of people. • B. Mass Media produced a national culture • 1. Movies • a. Motion pictures – silent • b. Introduction of sound in 1927 – talkies • 2. Newspapers • a. Newspaper chains (many papers owned by one group) • b. William Randolph Hurst owned papers in 20 cities • 3. Radios • a. First radio station – Pittsburg KDKA • b. Radio network – NBC

  22. II. Identify some of the major figures of the Jazz Age and other artistic figures of the 1920s. • A. Jazz Age 1920s (Jazz – influenced by ragtime and blues) • 1. Brought to North by Southern African Americans • 2. Jazz Clubs in Harlem New York, ex. Cotton Club – Bessie Smith • B. Duke Ellington • 1. One of the most celebrated Jazz musician • 2. Pianist, composer, bandleader • C. Other Artists • 1. Jazz poetry, jazz painting, jazz literature • 2. Sinclair Lewis wrote about small towns, medical field, and dishonest ministers

  23. III. Show how the Lost Generation and the Harlem Renaissance influenced American culture. • A. Lost Generation • 1. Lost in a greedy, materialistic world, which lacked moral values. • 2. Settled in Greenwich Village area of New York • 3. Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby • 4. Expatriates – people who move outside U.S. (ex. Paris, France) • B. Harlem Renaissance • 1. Harlem, NY became home of African American literary movement • 2. James Weldon Johnson – Sec. of NAACP writer and politician • 3. Zora Neale Hurst - Their Eyes Were Watching God • 4. Langston Hughes – poet and wrote short stories

  24. SECTION 5 Cultural Conflicts

  25. I. Analyze the effects of Prohibition. • A. 18th Amendment – Prohibition of all alcohol beverages • B. Obeying the law sharpened the difference between urban and rural moral values. • C. Bootlegging – supplier of illegal alcohol • 1. Stills and illegal imports • 2. Speakeasies – place that served alcohol illegally • D. Organized Crime • 1. Gambling and prostitution • 2. Racketeering – pay for protection • E. Al Capone “Scarface”, Chicago, IL versus J. Edgar Hoover FBI

  26. II. Summarize the main issue in the Scopes Trial. • A. Fundamentalism • 1. Set of beliefs held by religious traditionalists. • B. Evolution and the Scopes Trial • 1. Scopes Trial • a. Case about the teaching of evolution in schools • b. William Jennings Bryan – fundamentalist – prosecutor • c. Clarence Darrow – science – defense • d. Fundamentalism lost momentum

  27. III. Explain why an increase in racial tensions occurred following World War I. • A. Violence against African Americans • 1. Chicago Riots of 1919 – overcrowded neighborhoods – tension • B. Revival of the Klan • 1. No longer a southern organization – restarted in Indiana • 2. Targeted African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and immigrants • C. Fighting Discrimination • 1. NAACP a. Anti-lynching laws b. Suffrage – right to vote improvements • D. Garvey Movement • 1. Marcus Garvey a native Jamaican • 2. Urged a “return to Africa” “Motherland”

More Related