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PSYCHOLOGY

PSYCHOLOGY . P rologue. What is Psychology?. “The science of behavior and mental processes ” What an organism thinks, feels and acts What an organism DOES What an organism EXPERIENCES sensations, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, feelings…. History of Psychology.

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PSYCHOLOGY

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  1. PSYCHOLOGY Prologue

  2. What is Psychology? “The science of behavior and mental processes”What an organism thinks, feels and acts What an organism DOES What an organism EXPERIENCES sensations, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, feelings…

  3. History of Psychology • MIND AND BODY ARE DISTINCT= Socrates, Plato, Descartes • MIND AND BODY ARE CONNECTED= Aristotle • WILHELM WUNDT = Father of modern Psychology

  4. Evolution of Psychology • Until 1920’s - Science of MENTAL LIFE1920’s – 1960’s - Science of OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOR 1960’s to current- BEHAVIOR and MENTAL PROCESSES

  5. Prologue: Psychology’s Roots • Structuralismused introspection (looking in) to explore the elemental structure of the human mind • Inherent problems

  6. Prologue: Psychology’s Roots • Functionalism • focused on how behavioral processes function- how they enable organism to adapt, survive, and flourish William James 1842 - 1910 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SW6nm69Z_IE

  7. BIG ISSUES QUIZ • 0 = disagree strongly; 1= disagree somewhat; 2 = disagree slightly3 = agree slightly; 4 = agree somewhat; 5 agree stronglyMost people have an accurate understanding of the reasons for their own behavior

  8. 0 = disagree strongly; 1= disagree somewhat; 2 = disagree slightly3 = agree slightly; 4 = agree somewhat; 5 agree strongly

  9. Psychology’s BIG ISSUES • Stability vs. Change • Rationality vs. Irrationality • Nature vs. Nurture http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wd5Y3-F79LY

  10. PSYCHOLOGY’s BIG ISSUE NATURE VS. NURTURE DEBATE Nature: Socrates Nurture: Aristotle, Locke -the mind as a blank slate EMPIRICISM: knowledge originates in experience, science should be about observation and experimentation

  11. SEVEN PERSPECTIVES

  12. PSYCHODYNAMICHow behavior derives from unconscious conflicts & drives – childhood traumas, unfulfilled wishes, etc… • Sigmund Freud • Personality develops through unconscious experiences • Id, Ego, Superego

  13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umeSI8CmaPw

  14. BEHAVIORAL • How do we learn to respond? How do we alter our behavior for desired results? • Behavior controlled by events in the environment • Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner • Investigated OBSERVABLE behavior

  15. Pavlov http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI • Eddie Izard and Pavlov’s cathttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whwiMrBNWCA • Skinner http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHA

  16. HUMANISTIC • Behavior controlled by internal growth and self conceptBehaviors evolve are self-directed (FREE WILL) • MASLOVCarl Rogers

  17. COGNITIVEHow we encode, process, store and retrieve information for memory and reasoning • Behavior is a product of our learning • Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky • How we learn (process, store, retrieve and use info) • How learning influences our behavior

  18. NEUROSCIENCE How does brain and body work together to enable memories, emotions? • Behavior is controlled by neurological function • Roger Sperry • Biological interaction of mind and body(BRAIN & CNS)

  19. SOCIAL-CULTURAL • How behavior and thinking varies between cultures and situations • Behavior is a product of societal influences • Solomon Asch • Looks at how behavior and • thinking varies across cultures

  20. EVOLUTIONARYHow does natural selection and evolution influence genes & behavior? • Charles Darwin • Natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of genes

  21. BEHAVIOR-GENETIC • How much does our environment vs. genetics influence our differences, intelligence, personality, sexual orientation?

  22. Perspectives Hand Mnemonic Neuroscience Behavioral Socio-Cultural Cognitive Humanistic Psycho-dynamic Evolutionary

  23. Perspectives Practice • Peter has some emotional problems and is acting out in school. Upon doing some tests, they discover that he excels in visual learning and visual learning cues, while textual cues seem to be a problem. They also learn he may have dyslexia. • What perspective might she use to explain or deal with his behavior?

  24. Perspectives Practice • Peter has some emotional problems and is acting out in school. His teacher notices that – while bright- he lacks self-esteem. He is left alone at home and is not eating properly. She found out recently that he is also homeless. She believes that with time and help, he can reach his full potential. • What perspective might she use to explain or deal with his behavior?

  25. Perspectives Practice • Peter has some emotional problems and is acting out in school. After he begins taking medication, he begins to slow down and focus on his work. He seems to be doing better, but his mood is “off” and he is not his “happy-go-lucky” self. • What perspective might she use to explain or deal with his behavior?

  26. Perspectives Practice • Peter has some emotional problems and is acting out in school. After further investigation into his past, we discover that both his father and grandfather suffered from aggressive tendencies – including Oppositional Defiant Disorder – and had not received help for their illness. • What perspective might she use to explain or deal with his behavior? • Beth

  27. Psychology Perspectives • Death Penalty – For or Against? • The Andrea Yates Story: 60 minutes

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