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CHAPTER ELEVEN OVERVIEW. SECTION 11.1 – DEVELOPING ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS Developing Software The Systems Development Life Cycle Traditional Software Development Methodology: Waterfall Agile Software Development Methodologies Developing Successful Software SECTION 11.2 – PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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CHAPTER ELEVEN OVERVIEW SECTION 11.1 – DEVELOPING ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS • Developing Software • The Systems Development Life Cycle • Traditional Software Development Methodology: Waterfall • Agile Software Development Methodologies • Developing Successful Software SECTION 11.2 – PROJECT MANAGEMENT • Managing Software Development Projects • Project Management Fundamentals • Choosing Strategic Projects • Understanding Project Planning • Managing Projects, Resources, and Change • Outsourcing Projects
DEVELOPING SOFTWARE • As organizations’ reliance on software grows, so do the business-related consequences of software successes and failures including: • Increase or decrease revenue • Repair or damage to brand reputation • Prevent or incur liabilities • Increase or decrease productivity
THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE • Systems development life cycle (SDLC) – the overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance
WATERFALL METHODOLOGY • Waterfall methodology – an activity-based process in which each phase in the SDLC is performed sequentially from planning through implementation and maintenance
AGILE METHODOLOGY • Agile methodology – aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of components developed by an iterative process • Rapid application development methodology (RAD) • Extreme programming (XP) methodology • Rational Unified Process (RUP) • SCRUM
DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL SOFTWARE • Primary principles for successful agile software development include: • Slash the budget • If it doesn’t work, kill it • Keep requirements to a minimum • Test and deliver frequently • Assign non-IT executives to software projects
THE TRIPLE CONSTRAINT • Project management interdependent variables
PROJECT MANAGEMENT FUNDAMENTALS • Project management role
CHOOSING STRATEGIC PROJECTS • Three common techniques for selecting projects • Focus on organizational goals • Categorize projects • Perform a financial analysis
UNDERSTANDING PROJECT PLANNING • Building a project plan involves two key components: • Project charter - a document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities • Project plan – a formal, approved document that manages and controls project execution
PROJECT PLAN • Two primary diagrams used in project planning include PERT and Gantt charts • PERT chart – a graphical network model that depicts a project’s tasks and the relationships between those tasks • Dependency • Critical path • Gantt chart – a simple bar chart that depicts project tasks against a calendar
MANAGING PROJECTS • Managing a project includes: • Identifying requirements • Establishing clear and achievable objectives. • Balancing the competing demands of quality, scope, time, and cost • Adapting the specifications, plans, and approach to the different concerns and expectations of the various stakeholders • Primary areas of focus: • Managing people; Managing communications; Managing change
OUTSOURCING PROJECTS • Reasons companies outsource
OUTSOURCING PROJECTS • Outsourcing challenges • Contract length • Competitive edge • Confidentiality • Scope definition • Outsourcing benefits include: • Increased quality and efficiency • Reduced operating expenses, • Outsourcing non-core processes • Reduced exposure to risk • Economies of scale, expertise, and best practices • Access to advanced technologies • Increased flexibility • Avoid costly outlay of capital funds • Reduced headcount and associated overhead expense • Reduced time to market for products or services