ROAD SCHOLARS

1. ROAD SCHOLARS 2011 MICHIGAN UPPER PENINSULA COACHES WORKSHOP

2. PRESENTED BY Mark A. Van Hecke National Science Olympiad Earth-Space Science Events Chair/Event Trainer

3. What We’ll Learn • How to orient a topographic map • How to sector a topographic map to identify the location of features • How to use a topographic map key • How to determine azimuth and distance on topographic maps • Available training resources

4. TASK ONE ORIENTING A TOPOGRAPHIC MAP • Orientation of a USGS Topographic Map

5. TASK TWO SECTORING A TOPOGRAPHIC MAP Sectoring a topographic map allows you to easily locate features and to communicate where they are

6. STEP ONE The first Team member will place a finger at the intersection of the right and bottom neat lines of the Negaunee SW map.

7. STEP ONE The second Team Member will place a finger at the intersection of the left and bottom neat lines of the map.

8. STEP TWO Move your finger upwards along the right (or left) neatlines to the 32’30” tic line shown on each side of the map.

9. STEP THREE Place a string across the map horizontally at the 32’30” tic lines from the left neatline to the right neatline.

10. STEP THREE (ctd.) Be sure that the string is set along the horizontal lines of both crosshairs in the lower third of the map

11. STEP THREE (ctd.) Use drafting dots or masking tape to secure the string in both the right and left margins of the map.

12. STEP FOUR From the 32’ 30” tic lines on both sides of the map, move your finger upwards to the 35’ tic line.

13. STEP FOUR Place a string across the map horizontally at the 35’ tic lines from the left neatline to the right neatline.

14. STEP FOUR Be sure that the string is set along the horizontal lines of both crosshairs in the upper third of the map

15. STEP FOUR Use drafting dots or masking tape to secure the string in both the right and left margins of the map.

16. STEP FIVE The first Team member will place a finger at the intersection of the right and bottom neat lines.

17. STEP FIVE The second Team Member will place a finger at the intersection of the right and top neat lines.

18. STEP SIX Move your finger to the left along the bottom and top neatlines towards the 40’ tic line.

19. STEP SIX Place a string vertically across the map at the 40’ tic line from the top to the bottom neatlines.

20. STEP SIX • Be sure that the string is set along the vertical lines of both crosshairs on the right side of the map

21. STEP SIX • Use drafting dots or masking tape to secure the string in both the top and bottom margins of the map.

22. STEP SIX • From the 40’ tic lines on both sides of the map, move your finger to the left towards the 42’ 30” tic line.

23. STEP SIX • Place a string vertically across the map at the 42’ 30” tic line from the top to the bottom neatlines.

24. STEP SIX • Be sure that the string is set along the vertical lines of both crosshairs on the left side of the map

25. STEP SIX • Use drafting dots or masking tape to secure the string in both the right and left margins of the map.

26. NINE MENTAL SECTORS • Your map is now divided into nine ‘mental sectors’ that can be used to quickly locate physical and human features.

27. TASK THREE Reading a Topographic Map Key Use USGS Topographic Map Feature Keys to identify physical and human features shown on maps.

28. CONTROL DATA Control data refers to points of elevation that are used to calibrate the measurements of contour lines on a topographic map

29. CONTROL DATA A horizontal control benchmark is used to coordinate horizontal position data-often referenced to parallels (latitude)

30. CONTROL DATA A vertical control benchmark is used to determine elevation relative to sea level.

31. CONTROL DATA Use your USGS Topographic Map Key to determine the benchmark control (horizontal or vertical) for the locations given on your worksheet.

32. CONTROL DATA-ANSWERS Horizontal Vertical Vertical Vertical Horizontal

33. TOPO KEY READING-ANSWERS Wooded swamps (SE/SW); Marsh (NE) Perennial Stream Township Section Lines Steep Terrain (Contour lines close)

34. TASK FOUR DETERMINING AZIMUTH All azimuth directions are measured clockwise from north only.

35. DETERMINING AZIMUTH Locate the radio station (WJPD) in the southeast corner of Sector 8

36. DETERMINING AZIMUTH Place the center point of the protractor directly on the point shown to the right of WJPD

37. DETERMINING AZIMUTH Place the protractor so that due north (N) or 0° is facing straight up.

38. DETERMINING AZIMUTH The first Team Member will hold the compass with one finger at approximately 330° and the thumb at approximately 200° on the protractor.

39. DETERMINING AZIMUTH The second Team Member will line up a string from the center point of the protractor to the Cambria-Jackson mine in the SE corner of Sector 9.

40. DETERMINING AZIMUTH What is the azimuth of the Cambria-Jackson mine from your location from the WJPD radio station? 82°

41. DETERMINING AZIMUTH Now, find the azimuth of the Morris Mine located in the SW corner of Sector 7 from the radio station at WJPD

42. DETERMINING AZIMUTH Team Members One and Two will now switch roles with Team Member Two holding down the protractor at 40° and 120°

43. DETERMINING AZIMUTH Team Member One will line up the azimuth measurement with the center of the protractor • 268°

44. DETERMINING AZIMUTH Now find the azimuth of the following locations from the starting point given on your worksheet.

45. DETERMINING AZIMUTH-ANSWERS 95° 324° 40° 220° 203°

46. RESOURCES

48. Review • Oriented a topographic map • Sectored a topographic map • Used a topographic map key to interpret features • Determined azimuth • Used team strategies

50. Turn the protractor so the curve faces left and use the bottom scale to measure azimuths from 181° to 360° • Turn the protractor so the curve faces right and use the bottom scale to measure azimuths from 0° to 180° USING A 180° PROTRACTOR