UK Aid Direct Introduction to Logframes (only required at proposal stage)

1. UK Aid DirectIntroduction to Logframes(only required at proposal stage)

2. Why Use LogicalFrameworks? • Presents a clear hierarchy between impact, outcome, outputs and activities (see clarification of terms in next slides) • Clear, concise and accessible statement of all key components of a project • Clarifies how the project is expected to work and what it will achieve • Identifies the main factors related to the success of the project • Provides a basis for monitoring and evaluation • Note: The framework may develop and change as the project develops.

3. Logframes IMPACT OUTCOME PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION OUTPUTS ACTIVITIES

4. Elements of the DFID Logical Framework Template • Impact, outcome and outputs • Indicators • Baselines, milestones and targets • Sources • Risks, assumptions • Weighting of outputs • Inputs (Money and human resources)

5. Clarification of terms: 1. Impact • The Impact is not intended to be achieved solely by the project. This is a higher-level situation that the project will contribute towards achieving.

6. Outcome • There can only be one Outcome for the project. The Outcome should identify what will change, and who will benefit. • For UK Aid Direct projects, there should be a clear link between the Outcome and the UK Aid Programme Objectives for the relevant funding round. • Outcomes should be largely within the control of the project

7. Outputs • Outputs are the specific, direct deliverables of the project. These will provide the conditions necessary to achieve the Outcome. The logic of the chain from Output to Outcome therefore needs to be clear. • Best practice indicates a maximum of 6 Outputs • Outputs should be 100% within the control of the project

8. Exercise: Consider the following problem statement Within Province XXXX, under-five mortality rates and reported incidences of other waterborne diseases are significantly higher than the national average. These problems are associated with poor access to potable water, high rates of open defecation, a lack of household sanitation facilities, and a low level of hygiene awareness within the community.

9. Exercise 1: Which of the following are output, outcome and impact statements? (answers at end of presentation) • Improved water, hygiene and basic sanitation behaviour among 5 selected rural communities in Province XXXXX. • Women, men and children in selected areas have access to safe/potable water • Targeted households are provided with training and equipment to enable adoption of safer hygiene behaviour • Reduced incidence of diseases, mortality and vulnerability associated with lack of potable water, safe sanitation & hygiene practices in all rural communities in Province XXXX. • Targeted households have access to improved sanitation facilities

10. 2. Indicators • An indicator is “ … a piece of information that provides evidence that something has happened”

11. Quantitative indicators are expressed as numbers • Units – the number of staff that have been trained • Proportions – the proportion of the community that has access to the service • Rates of change – the percentage change in average household income over the reporting period • Ratios – the ratio of teachers to pupils in a school • Scoring and ranking – the score out of five given by the project participants to rate the quality of service they receive

12. 2. Qualitative indicators are expressed through narrative description. • Satisfaction – how participants describe their levels of satisfaction with the project’s activities • Standards – the extent to which training is recognised by the appropriate authorities • Practices and behaviour – the way practice has changed since the completion of hygiene education • Institutional change – the effect of new measures introduced to improve the NGO’s accountability to project users

13. DFID guidance on indicators • Indicators are performance measures, which tell us what we are going to measure, not what is to be achieved. • Indicators may be quantitative OR qualitative • Indicators should only state what will be measured • They should be neutral and should not include elements of the baseline or target (“No such thing as a SMART Indicator”) • Each Indicator you choose to measure your objectives must be verifiable by some means. If not, you must find another indicator.

14. Exercise 2: At which level (outputs, outcomes, impact) should the following indicators appear?(answers at end of presentation) • No. of improved household sanitation facilities provided • No. of targeted beneficiaries (women, men and children) participating in appropriate hygiene awareness training • Under five mortality rate • Percentage of people practicing hand washing with soap and clean water • No. of households provided with new/improved drinking water source less than 30 minutes (or 1km) away

15. 3. Baselines, targets and milestones - Examples

16. 4. Sources • The ‘Source’ provides a description of where to find the information you need in order to demonstrate what has been accomplished. • The frequency with which project staff will obtain information from stated sources should be indicated (e.g. Annual survey, quarterly interviews)

17. 5. Risks and Assumptions • As part of the design phase, you will need to define the important assumptions you are making, which should be linked to the realisation of your project’s Outcome and individual Outputs. • Risk ratingsneed to be established for each output and should be recorded as Low, Medium or High. • Risks are also identified in the Activity Log

18. Use of Assumptions in logframe IF we undertake the activities ANDthe risks are managed, THEN we will DELIVER the outputs. • IF we deliver the outputsAND the assumptions hold true, THEN we will ACHIEVE the outcome. • IF we achieve the outcome AND the assumptions hold true, THENwe will CONTRIBUTE to the impact.

19. 6. Weighting of outputs • A percentage value on each output to show how much each output contributes to the achievement of the outcome • The percentages should add up to 100% overall • The weighting of outputs is important at proposal stage because it indicates the relative importance of each output

20. 7. Inputs • Money – estimate of the proportion of the budget required for the delivery of each each output and in total for the achievement of the outcome • Human resources – estimate the proportional allocation of FTE inputs (for which DFID funding is requested) per output and overall

21. Key things to remember • At proposal stage - concentrate on ensuring that the logic of the design is clear • Make sure that the logframe and activity log are coherent with other proposal documents (narrative proposal, budget, Gantt chart)

22. Answers to Exercise 1 (see Slide 9) • Impact: • Reduced incidence of diseases, mortality and vulnerability associated with lack of potable water, safe sanitation & hygiene practices in all rural communities in Province XXXX. • Outcome: • Improved water, hygiene and basic sanitation behaviours among 5 selected rural communities in Province XXXXX. • Outputs: • Targeted households are provided with training and equipment to enable adoption of safer hygiene behaviours • Targeted households have access to improved sanitation facilities • Women, men and children in selected areas have access to safe/potable water

23. Answer to Exercise 2 (see Slide 14) • Impact Indicators: • Under five mortality rate • Outcome Indicators: • Percentage of people practicing hand washing with soap and clean water • Output Indicators: • No. of improved household sanitation facilities provided • No. of targeted beneficiaries (women, men and children) participating in appropriate hygiene awareness training • No. of households provided with new/improved drinking water source less than 30 minutes (or 1km) away