Preview p.110

1. Preview p.110 • Have there been times when you felt “out of the loop” with family and friends, or even ostracized by them? How did you respond?

2. Motivation • pp. 495-510

3. The Need to Belong • Enhances survival • Self-esteem • Pain of Ostracism • Improves psychological and physical health

4. Williams & Zadro (2001) In high school, the other students thought me weird and never spoke to me. I tell you in all honesty that at one stage they refused to speak to me for 153 days, not one word at all. That was a very low point for me in my life and on the 153rd day, I swallowed 29 Valium pills. My brother found me and called and ambulance. When I returned to school, the kids had heard the whole story and for a few days they were falling all over themselves to be my friend. Sadly, it didn’t last. They stopped talking to me again and I was devastated. I stopped talking myself then. I figured that it was useless to have a voice if no one listened.

5. Flow • A state of optimal experience • Attention is freely invested and centered on achieving goals • Challenges that require skill • Clear goals and feedback • The transformation of time • The loss of self-consciousness • The loss of self-conscousness

7. Industrial-organizational Psychology • Personnel psychology- selecting, training, and evaluating workers • Organizational psychology- how work environments and management styles influence worker motivation, satisfaction, and productivity

8. Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation • Intrinsic motivation- a desire to achieve internal satisfaction, personal accomplishment • Extrinsic motivation- a desire to achieve an external factor, such as a pay raise

9. Achievement and Motivation • Competence motivation (need motivation)- shown by people who are driven to master a task or achieve a personal goal • Achievement motivation- occurs when people try to outdo, or beat, other people • Self-efficacy belief- the level of confidence one has when facing the challenges and demands of a situation (Bandura)

10. The Interviewer Illusion • Interviews disclose the interviewee’s good intentions, which are less revealing than habitual behaviors • Interviewers more often follow the successful careers of those they have hired than the successful careers of those they have rejected • Interviewers presume that people are what they seem to be in the interview situation. • Interviewers’ preconceptions and moods color how they perceive interviewees’ responses

11. Leadership Style • Task Leadership- setting standards, organizing work, and focusing attention on goals • Social Leadership- mediating conflicts and building high-achieving teams

12. Process p.110 • Are you highly motivated, or not highly motivated, to achieve in school? How has this affected your academic success? How might you improve upon your own achievement levels?

13. Free-Respone Practice • Jenny has decided to lose weight. She doesn’t know how to diet and therefore has to find information that explains effective dieting strategies. Jenny specifically wants to know how the basal metabolic rate (BMR) functions and how it could help her lose weight. Define the BMR and explain how the following factors could affect it. • Age • Gender • Food • Exercise • Body type

14. Free Response Practice • The BMR regulates the amount of energy needed to maintain a person’s body weight. • BMR slows with age. • Women tend to have slower BMR’s than men • Not eating enough food slows BMR. Should eat smaller meals to keep BMR functioning properly. • Exercise stimulates BMR. • A person who is overweight will have a higher BMR due to the fact that his or her body has to work harder to accommodate extra weight.