ISN pg 110 Title: Protestant Faiths Preview:

1. ISN pg 110 Title: Protestant Faiths • Preview: • Why is Freedom of Religion considered a valuable liberty in the USA? • How would America be different if there was no Separation of Church and State (If the Gov’t controlled religion)?

2. Henry VIII • Henry VIII was king of England • Had grown very tired of Catholic Pope taking English land (Church controlled 1/3 of good land in England) & asked for large tithe (tax) on England’s treasury • Wanted divorce from wife because she could not bear him a male child; Pope refused

3. Anglicanism • Henry was furious and asked Parliament to declare Act of Succession in 1534—made Church of England (Anglican Church) • New Protestant faith based heavily on ideas of Catholic Church, BUT… • Monarch of England would be ultimate authority, not Pope

4. Anglicanism • Basic Ideas of Anglicanism: • Belief in original sin, so Baptism is necessary ritual • Salvation achieved by faith alone (Justification by Faith) • King is authority of Church with hierarchy of bishops & priests • Bible & church services were in English (vernacular)

5. Protestant Reformation Another Protestant Faith: Calvinism

6. Protestant Reformation • Prior to the Reformation, almost everyone in Western Europe was Roman Catholic—dominant religion of the Middle Ages • Many people criticized Catholic Church corruption (Wycliffe, Huss, Erasmus)

7. Protestant Reformation • In 1517, after Martin Luther’s 95 Theses & Diet of Worms, first Protestant faith began (Lutheranism) • 1534, Henry VIII of England created Anglicanism (Church of England)

8. Calvinism • John Calvin was born in France & became Protestant (someone who protested against Catholic Church) but left for Switzerland because of oppression in France • In 1536, started new Protestant faith called Calvinism

9. Calvinism • Basic ideas of Calvinism: • Predestination—God determined those who were going to heaven & hell before people are born • Those going to heaven called “the Elect” were chosen by God to be saved & would avoid all sin • “The Elect” should rule society as government leaders—Theocracy

10. Calvinism • Overthrow gov’t leaders (like kings) who didn’t prove to be “elect” (if they committed sin) • Church rules are also laws; committing a sin is breaking law & punishable by a court

11. Calvinism • Calvinists live by strict code to avoid sin (called Protestant Work Ethic): • Cannot dance, sing, play cards, gamble, swear, go to theater, drink alcohol, wear jewelry or bright clothing • Church 5 times a week; in bed by 9:00 • Kids can have only Christian names • Homes inspected once a year • Punishment for breaking rules: prison, excommunication, exile, death

12. Calvinism • Calvinists believed that hard work & obeying code would show that they were “elect” & were going to heaven • Calvin established theocratic community in Geneva, Switzerland with 20,000 citizens • Geneva became successful model for other Calvinist communities

13. John Knox • Scottish preacher who visited Geneva. Put Calvinist ideas into place in Scotland in 1559 • Communities were led by presbyters, so followers of Knox became Presbyterians • 1567, Knox & Presbyterians overthrew Catholic queen & established Calvinism as official religion of Scotland